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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cryotherapy in sports medicine (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports 6 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0838
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Sports Science
    Notes: The use of cryotherapy, i.e. the application of cold for the treatment of injury or disease, is widespread in sports medicine today. It is an established method when treating acute soft tissue injuries, but there is a discrepancy between the scientific basis for cryotherapy and clinical studies. Various methods such as ice packs, ice towels, ice massage, gel packs, refrigerant gases and inflatable splints can be used. Cold is also used to reduce the recovery time as part of the rehabilitation programme both after acute injuries and in the treatment of chronic injuries. Cryotherapy has also been shown to reduce pain effectively in the post-operative period after reconstructive surgery of the joints. Both superficial and deep temperature changes depend on the method of application, initial temperature and application time. The physiological and biological effects are due to the reduction in temperature in the various tissues, together with the neuromuscular action and relaxation of the muscles produced by the application of cold. Cold increases the pain threshold, the viscosity and the plastic deformation of the tissues but decreases the motor performance. The application of cold has also been found to decrease the inflammatory reaction in an experimental situation. Cold appears to be effective and harmless and few complications or side-effects after the use of cold therapy are reported. Prolonged application at very low temperatures should, however, be avoided as this may cause serious side-effects, such as frost-bite and nerve injuries. Practical applications, indications and contraindications are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.1996.tb00090.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recurrent dislocation of the peroneal tendons (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports 6 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0838
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Sports Science
    Notes: Peroneal tendon dislocations occur in sports, particularly in skiing and soccer. This paper presents the outcome of 15 patients with post-traumatic recurrent peroneal tendon dislocations, operated on with a soft-tissue reconstruction of the superior peroneal retinaculum, i.e. reattachment and reinforcement, in combination with a retrofibular groove deepening. Mean follow-up was 3.5 (2–7) years after surgery. There were no redislocations and no neurovascular injuries. The functional results were satisfactory in 13/15 (87%) patients, with full range of ankle motion and no pain. The two patients with unsatisfactory functional results had restricted ankle motion and pain on exertion. This simple reconstruction seems to be a good alternative to other more complex procedures and can be recommended in patients with recurrent peroneal tendson dislocations. Conservative treatment is not an option in patients with recurrent peroneal tendon dislocations, due to persistent symptoms of instability and pain
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.1996.tb00098.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Repair of Bankart lesions with a suture anchor in recurrent dislocation of the shoulder (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports 5 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0838
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Sports Science
    Notes: This study describes the 3-year results of Bankart reconstruction in 50 consecutive patients with posttraumatic, recurrent, anterior instability of the shoulder. A modified procedure, using suture anchors was used in all patients, to simplify the soft-tissue attachment to the glenoid rim. Forty-seven of 50 (94%) patients regained normal stability. Two recurrent dislocations and one subluxation occurred. The functional results according to the Rowe scoring system were satisfactory in 43 of 50 (86%) of the patients, and unsatisfactory in 7 of 50 (14%). Of the patients with unsatisfactoy results, 3 had recurrent instability and 4 had not regained normal range of shoulder motion. The suture anchors were found to simplify the procedure, and no specific complications as a result of the modified technique were seen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.1995.tb00032.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-term results after surgical management of partial Achilles tendon ruptures (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports 7 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0838
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Sports Science
    Notes: Although Achilles tendon injuries are common overuse injuries in sports, the exact incidence is unknown, primarily as a result of varying definitions and diagnoses of the underlying pathological changes. Despite numerous studies of treatment of the Achilles tendon injuries, the longterm results are not well known. The results after surgical treatment of chronic partial Achilles tendon ruptures in 64 patients with a follow-up of 6 (1.5–11) years were evaluated in a retrospective study. The ruptures were divided into three groups: (I) proximal (more than 3 cm above the calcaneus), (II) distal and (III) combined (proximal and distal). All patients underwent an operation involving the excision of the devitalized tendon tissue and, in groups (II) and (III), also the excision of the deep Achilles bursa and removal of the dorsal corner of the calcaneus. The functional results were satisfactory in 43 (67%) patients and unsatisfactory in 21 (33%). The results were better in patients with proximal ruptures than in patients with either distal or combined ruptures. Males experienced better results than females. Post-operative immobilization in a plaster cast had no significant influence on the final result. Nine (14%) patients with either a distal or a combined rupture were re-operated on and in seven of them the final result was satisfactory. The conclusion of this study is that partial Achilles tendon ruptures are often difficult to treat and only two out of three patients can be expected to obtain satisfactory results after surgical treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.1997.tb00157.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bioabsorbable tacks for arthroscopic treatment of recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports 8 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0838
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Sports Science
    Notes: Seventy-eight patients (82 shoulders) with symptomatic, recurrent anterior post-traumatic shoulder instability and Bankart lesions were operated on with bioabsorbable tacks (Suretac® fixators). All the patients were followed by an independent observer, with a median follow-up period of 27 (21–63) months. The recurrence rate was 8/82 (10%). The median Rowe score was 93 (37–100) points. The median Constant score for the index shoulders was 90 (34–100) points, compared with 93 (80–100) points for 59 non-operated healthy shoulders from the same cohort (P=0.03). The external rotation in abduction was 93 (50–135)° compared with 105 (75–145)° for the control shoulders (P=0.0018). Arthroscopic shoulder stabilization using bioabsorbable Suretac® fixators appears to produce reliable results if used in patients with post-traumatic shoulder instability and a Bankart lesion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.1998.tb00460.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Back pain and radiological changes in the thoraco-lumbar spine of athletes. A long-term follow-up (2001)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports 11 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0838
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Sports Science
    Notes: From 1996 to 1999, back pain and radiological changes in the thoraco-lumbar spine were investigated in 134 former top athletes, representing wrestling, gymnastics, soccer and tennis (age 27–39 years) and a group of 28 non-athletes of comparable age. This is a long-term follow-up investigation of a previous radiological study of the spine with clinical correlation. Despite significantly more radiological abnormalities among the athletes, they did not report higher frequency of back pain than the non-athletes. A decrease in disc height or new disc height reduction in one or more of the intervertebral discs between the two examinations correlated significantly with back pain at follow-up.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0838.2001.011002103.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lowering of the patella secondary to anterior advancement of the tibial tubercle for the patellofemoral pain syndrome (1986)
    Springer
    Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery 105 (1986), S. 40-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-3916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary From a series of 72 patients treated with anterior advancement of the tibial tubercle for patellofemoral pain syndrome, secondary lowering of the patella was noted in eight. In all eight patients the results were poor following surgery, with severe disabling retro- and peripatellar pain and atrophy of the quadriceps muscle. We describe this complication and illustrate and discuss the biomechanical consequences. The shortening of the patellar ligament and lever arm of the ligament were determined from radiographs of the knee joints before and after surgery. A theoretical analysis was made of the compressive force in the patellofemoral joint in one of these patients. The Insall-Salvati index decreased from 0.88–1.25 (mean 1.07) preoperatively to 0.54–0.78 (mean 0.70) at follow-up, 1.0–2.5 years postoperatively. The lowering of the patella was correlated to a reduction of the lever arm of the patellar ligament in seven patients. The mechanism behind the lowering of the patella is obscure, but the reduced lever arm of the patellar ligament will increase the compressive force in the patellofemoral joint, and this might be one explanation of the poor results. Impaired congruity of the patellofemoral joint, increased tension in the patellar ligament, and increased pressure against the quadriceps tendon are other possible explanations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00625659
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Postoperative analgesic effects of intra-articular bupivacaine and morphine after arthroscopic cruciate ligament surgery (1995)
    Springer
    Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy 3 (1995), S. 55-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-7347
    Keywords: Bupivacaine ; Morphine ; Arthroscopy ; Local anaesthetic ; Anterior cruciate ligament
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Sports Science
    Notes: Abstract Intra-articular administration of local anaesthetics such as bupivacaine can produce short-term postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing diagnostic arthroscopy or arthroscopic meniscectomy. A peripheral anti-nociceptive effect may also be induced by the administration of intra-articular opiates interacting with local opioid receptors in inflamed peripheral tissue. In the present study we aimed to study the analgesic effects of intraarticularly given bupivacaine and morphine sulphate (as well as the combination of both drugs) on postoperative pain. In a prospective, randomized, double-blind manner 40 patients received one of the following: (a) morphine (1 mg in 20 ml NaCl), (b) bupivacaine (20 ml, 0.375%), (c) combination of both or (d) saline (20 ml, control group) intra-articularly at the end of arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. The postoperative pain was assessed via a visual analogue scale (VAS) during the first 48 h after surgery, and supplemental analgesic requirements were noted. All comparisons were made versus the control group receiving saline. The pain scores were significantly lower in the morphine group at 24 and 48 h, and in the bupivacaine group at 2, 4 and 6 h after surgery. In the group that received a combination of both bupivacaine and morphine, the pain scores were significantly reduced throughout the whole postoperative observation period. No side-effects or complications from therapy were seen in any of the groups. The conclusion of this study is that intra-articular morphine is effective in the postoperative period after arthroscopic ACL reconstruction. The combination of bupivacaine and morphine was the most effective postoperative analgesic regimen and resulted in significant analgesia throughout the whole 48-h period following surgery. Patients receiving the combination of bupivacaine and morphine had a significantly shorter hospital stay than the control group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01553527
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