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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Total biodegradation of 4-chlorobiphenyl (4 CB) by a two-membered bacterial culture (1985)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 21 (1985), S. 192-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Several bacterial strains that can oxidize mono- and dichlorinated biphenyls with one unsubstituted ring have already been described. The major route for this biodegradation leads ultimately to the corresponding chlorobenzoic acid, but several other minor chlorinated metabolites that might possibly be of concern for the environment have also been described previously. Since none of the bacterial strains that are able to oxidize these chlorinated biphenyls in pure culture are known to degrade chlorobenzoic acid, the oxidation of these substrates by axenic cultures always generates chlorobenzoates plus several other metabolites. In the present study, we have estimated the biodegradation of 4-chlorobiphenyl (4CB) by a two-membered bacterial culture containing one strain able to grow on 4CB and to transform it into 4-chlorobenzoate (4CBA) and one strain able to degrade 4CBA. The results were encouraging, since it was shown that the degradation of 4CB was more rapid and complete with the double bacterial culture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00295120
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comprehensive gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric analysis of 4-chlorobiphenyl bacterial degradation products (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 27-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Bacterial metabolism of 4-chlorobiphenyl (4-CB), a model compound of polychlorinated biphenyls, has been investigated. Grown in the presence of 4-CB, Gram-negative strain B-206 oxidized the non-chlorinated ring to yield 2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydro-4′-chlorobiphenyl, 3,4-dihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-4′-chlorobiphenyl, as well as their corresponding 2,3 and 3,4 catechol analogues, 2-hydroxy-4′-chlorobiphenyl and 4-hydroxy-4′-chlorobiphenyl. The intermediate catechols were further oxidized to yield 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-(4′-chlorophenyl)-hexa-2,4-dienoic acid, 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-(4′-chlorophenyl)-hexanoic acid, 5-oxo-5-(4′-chlorophenyl)-pentanoic acid, 4-oxo-4-(4′-chlorophenyl)-butanoic acid, 4-chlorocinnamic acid and 4-chlorobenzoic acid, which accumulates in the culture broths. The hydroxylated biotransformation products were characterized by gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric analysis as trimethylsilyl (TMS) and d9-TMS derivatives, whereas metabolites with vicinal diols were also analysed as their n-butylboronate derivatives. Gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric features of the metabolite derivatives are presented and 4-CB biodegradation pathways are discussed.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200180106
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of new bacterial transformation products of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl) ethane (DDT) by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 741-752 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The microbial transformation of DDT, DDD and DDE was studied in Gram-negative strain B-206 and a number of phenolic metabolites were identified as the trimethylsilyl derivatives in the bacterial extracts by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The major metabolites of DDT were DDD, DDE, DDMU, 1,1,1-trichloro-2-(2-hydroxy-4-chlorophenyl)-2-(4′-chlorophenyl) ethane, 1,1,1-trichloro-2-(2-hydroxy-4-chlorophenyl)-2-(4′-hydroxy phenyl) ethane, and 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(2-hydroxy-4-chlorophenyl) ethane. Conversely, DDD was mainly degraded into DDE, 1,1-dichloro-2-(2-hydroxy-4-chlorophenyl)-2-(4′-cholorophenyl) ethane and 1,1-dichloro-2-(2-hydroxy-4-chloropheyl)-2-(4′-hydroxyphenyl) ethane. Finally, DDE was transformed into DDMU, 1,1-dichloro-2-(2-hydroxy-4-chlorophenyl)-2-(4′-chlorophenyl) ethylene, 1,1-dichloro-2-(2-hydroxy-4-chlorophenyl)-2-(4′hydroxyphenyl) ethylene and 1-chloro-2-(2-hydroxy-4-chlorophenyl)-2-(4′-chlorophenyl) ethylene. The phenolic metabolites exhibited [M - TMSCl]+., [M - HCl - TMSCl]+. and/or [M - HCl - TMSCl - Me]+ fragment ions which reflect the presence of an ortho hydroxyl group in these molecules. Other mass spectral features used to determine their struture are presented and a metabolic scheme accounting for their formation is proposed.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200180917
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    pYH31, a ColE1 compatible His-tagged fusion expression vector (1999)
    Springer
    Biotechnology techniques 13 (1999), S. 303-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6784
    Keywords: affinity chromatography ; biphenyl dioxygenase ; pQE31 ; pREP4
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract A ColE1-compatible vector was constructed to expressed His-tagged fusion protein in Escherichia coli cells. The vector designated pYH31 is derived from pREP4 and pQE31. It was designed to express simultaneously in the same cell, a His-tagged fused protein and a non His-tagged protein from separate plasmids. The vector was used to express both subunits of the biphenyl dioxygenase oxygenase component together in the same E. coli clone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008931025922
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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