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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 16 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Enzymatically isolated type I spiral ganglion neurons of the guinea pig have been investigated in the present study. The identity of the cells was confirmed by using anti-neuron-specific enolase immunostaining. The presence and shredding of the myelin sheath was also documented by employing anti-S100 immunoreaction. The membrane characteristics of the cells were studied by using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. The whole-cell capacitance of the cells was 9 ± 2 pF (n = 51), while the resting membrane potential of the cells was −62 ± 9 mV (n = 19). When suprathreshold depolarizing stimuli were applied, the neurons fired a single action potential at the beginning of the stimulation. It was confirmed in this study that type I spiral ganglion cells possess a hyperpolarization-activated nonspecific cationic current (Ih). The major characteristics of this current component were unaffected by the enzyme treatment. Type I spiral ganglion cells also expressed various depolarization-activated K+ current components. A high-threshold outward current was sensitive to 1–10 mm TEA+ application. The ganglion cells also expressed a relatively small, but nevertheless present, transient outward current component which was less sensitive to TEA+ but could be inhibited by 100 µm 4-aminopyridine. A DTX-I-sensitive current was responsible for some 30% of the total outward current (at 0 mV), showed rapid activation at membrane potentials positive to −50 mV and demonstrated very little inactivation. However, inhibition of the highly 4-AP- or DTX-I-sensitive component did not alter the rapidly inactivating nature of the firing pattern of the cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bradford : Emerald
    Compel 24 (2005), S. 1013-1022 
    ISSN: 0332-1649
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to present a procedure, which determines the magnetic force acting between a soft magnetic cylinder and a coil taking the hysteresis phenomena into account. Design/methodology/approach - The magnetic force is computed replacing the ferromagnetic body with an equivalent magnetic moment distribution. Isotropic vector Preisach model with analytical expressed Everett function describes the magnetic properties of the ferromagnetic material. The magnetization distribution is calculated applying the integral equation method. The Preisach hysteresis model is included in the iteration process based on Picard-Banach scheme. Findings - In the case of integral equation method the unknown quantities are the magnetization and the magnetic field intensity. In this way the Preisach hysteresis model can be included in a convenient way in the iteration procedure. Knowing the magnetization distribution the magnetic force can be determined. The developed algorithms can be applied in tubular linear motor design. Originality/value - The paper presents a new formulation of the Preisach hysteresis model. With the aim of the analytically expressed Everett function a stable and faster algorithm can be realized to determine the magnetic force in arrangements with ferromagnetic parts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 59 (1981), S. 275-279 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Hyperthyroidism ; Hypercalcemia ; Goiter ; Aging ; Hyperthyreose ; Hyperkalzämie ; Struma ; Alter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Hyperkalzämie ist häufig bei hyperthyreoten Patienten und ist durch eine osteoklastische Aktivität der thyroidalen Hormone verursacht. Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit zeigen, daß eine Hyperkalzämie sich signifikant häufiger in älteren Patienten und bei einer bestimmten Kropfform entwikkelt. Gemessen wurden das gesamte Serumkalzium, Gesamtproteine, Albumin sowie an Schilddrüsenparametern T3 RIA, T4-Test, ETR- und TRH-Test in einer Gruppe von 147 Patienten. Der Spiegel des ionisierten Kalziums wurde aus dem Gesamtkalziumwert und aus dem Albuminwert berechnet. Insgesamt 211 Messungen wurden durchgeführt. 92 Patienten waren hyperthyreot. Das Gesamtkalzium war in der Hyperthyreose nicht signifikant erhöht. Das ionisierte Kalzium war bei hyperthyreoten Patienten unter 61 Jahren nur in 2,3%, bei Patienten über 60 Jahren jedoch mit 18,8% signifikant erhöht. Bei 43,8% der hyperthyreoten Patienten mit multinodösen Strumen fand sich eine Erhöhung des ionisierten Kalziums im Serum. Die lineare Korrelation zwischen dem ionisierten Kalziumspiegel und den verschiedenen Schilddrüsenparametern war in der älteren Gruppe deutlicher als in der jüngeren und hoch signifikant. 7 von 9 hyperthyreoten Patienten mit erhöhtem ionisiertem Kalzium hatten eine Knotenstruma, jedoch kein autonomes Adenom. Die direkte Schilddrüsenhormonwirkung und die besondere Kropfform können für die Entwicklung der Hyperkalzämie verantwortlich sein. Die Möglichkeit eines Kalzitoninmangels wird diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary Hyperthyroidism is often associated with hypercalcemia which is provoked by osteoclastic activity of the thyroid hormones. These data show that hypercalcemia develops with increasing age and in the presence of a special type of hyperthyroid goiter. Total serum calcium, total protein, and albumin as well as different parameters of thyroid function, namely T3 RIA1, T4 test, ETR and TRH test were determined in a group of 147 patients. The ionized calcium level was estimated from total calcium and albumin. 211 measurements were performed. Hyperthyroidism existed in 92 cases. Total calcium was not significantly elevated in hyperthyroidism. Hyperthyroid patients under 61 years of age showed elevated ionized calcium levels in only 2.3% and patients over 60 years of age in 18.8% of cases. Elevated ionized serum calcium levels were observed in 43.8% of hyperthyroid patients with multinodular goiters. The linear correlation between ionized calcium levels and different parameters of thyroid function is much more pronounced in the older group and it was found to be highly significant. 7 of 9 hyperthyroid patients with elevated ionized calcium levels showed multinodular goiters, though no autonomous adenoma. In the hyperthyroid group of patients of over 60 years of age with multinodular goiters the incidence of hypercalcemia was 43.8%. Direct action of thyroid hormone on calcium turnover as well as increasing age and special goiter type seem to be responsible for disturbances in calcium metabolism. A possible calcitonin deficiency in the above mentioned conditions is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 97 (1980), S. 161-166 
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Combined tumor therapy ; Metastatic ; Experimental tumor system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of combined surgical and chemotherapeutic treatment on Lewis lung carcinoma was studied. The i.m. implanted primary tumor was removed on the 10th day after transplantation, and the survival of mice was registered. Cyclophosphamide proved to be the most effective among the drugs studied (Cyclophosphamide, 5-FU, DBD, CCNU, Adriamycin, Vincristin, Hexyldeoxyuridine). Using different schedules (pre- and/or post-operative treatment) the pre- and post-operative drug administration was the most advantageous. Combined therapy showed always better effect than monotherapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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