Library

feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 49 (1964), S. 285-300 
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der Kern im Zentralnervensystem, der die schwache elektrische Aktivität von Eigenmannia sp. kontrolliert, wurde anatomisch und physiologisch untersucht. Einige ergänzende Beobachtungen wurden an Sternarchus sp. gemacht. Der Kern liegt in der Medulla oblongata und besteht aus zwei Arten von Zellen: großen Zellen, deren Axone zu motorischen Zellen im Rückenmark laufen, und kleinen Zellen, deren Axone im Kernbereich bleiben und untereinander und mit dem Soma der großen Zellen Synapsen bilden. Die Entladung des elektrischen Organs bleibt nach Durchschneidung des Gehirns im Bereich des Mesencephalon erhalten. Die rhythmische Aktivität des medullaren Kerns bleibt nach Durchtrennung des Rückenmarks nahe der Medulla erhalten. Im medullaren Kern wird eine intracelluläre Aktivität gefunden, deren Frequenz mit der des elektrischen Organs übereinstimmt. Die Form dieser Aktivität läßt vermuten, daß sie spontan entsteht und daß die Zellen des medullaren Kernes Schrittmacher für die Entladung des elektrischen Organs sind. Durch intracelluläre hyperpolarisierende Ströme wird die Impuls-Amplitude bis zu 60% erhöht, die Impuls-Frequenz aber nur um 6% erniedrigt. Depolarisation hatte keine Wirkung. Ähnliche Effekte wurden bei intracellulärer Hyperpolarisation benachbarter Zellen beobachtet; dies deutet auf Vorhandensein von intercellulären elektrotonischen Brücken hin. Experimentell hervorgerufene Frequenzänderungen in einer einzelnen Zelle hatten identische Frequenzänderungen der Entladung des elektrischen Organs zur Folge. Anodische extracelluläre Reizung des medullaren Kerns mit Gleichstrom vermindert die Frequenz der Entladung im elektrischen Organ; kathodische Reizung hat den entgegengesetzten Effekt. Periodische elektrische Reizung des medullaren Kerns stoppt die Entladung des Kerns und des elektrischen Organs. Die Entladungen des elektrischen Organs beginnen nach einer solchen Unterbrechung 6 bis 150 msec später als die Entladungen im Kern. Die funktionellen Eigenschaften des medullaren Kerns als eines Schrittmachers werden diskutiert. Es wird angenommen, daß die Registrierungen von den kleinen Zellen stammen und daß sie die Schrittmacher-Zellen sind. Wahrscheinlich sind sie untereinander elektrotonisch verbunden; deshalb hat die Polarisation einer einzelnen Zelle nur geringe Wirkung auf die Entladungsfrequenz des medullaren Kerns (und des elektrischen Organs), obgleich sie die Impuls-Amplituden der Einzelzelle stark beeinflußt.
    Notes: Summary 1. An anatomical and physiological study has been made of the electric organ control nucleus in the weakly electric fish Eigenmania sp., supplemented by some observations on Sternarchus sp. 2. This nucleus, located in the medulla oblongata, consists of two kinds of cell: large cells with descending axons to motor cells in the spinal cord, and small cells with intranuclear axons terminating on each other and on the somata of the large cells. 3. Electric organ discharge is maintained in spino-medullary preparations (neuroaxis transected in mesencephalon) and rhythmic activity of the medullary nucleus cells is not abolished after high spinal cord transection. 4. Rhythmic intracellular activity of the same frequency as the electric organ discharge, was recorded from cells of the medullary nucleus. The form suggests that the activity is spontaneous and that these cells are pacemakers for the organ discharge. 5. Intracellular hyperpolarizing current produced an increase of spike amplitude of up to 60% with a corresponding decrease of frequency of only 6%. Depolarization had no effect. Similar effects were also obtained from a cell when intracellular stimulation was applied to another cell in the nucleus, indicating the existence of intercellular electrotonic bridges. Frequency changes imposed through a single cell provoked identical changes in organ discharge rates. 6. Anodal extracellular D. C. stimulation of the medullary nucleus reduced the frequency of organ discharge, while cathodal stimulation had the opposite but less pronounced effect. 7. Repetitive single shock stimulation of the medullary nucleus stopped the nucleus and organ discharge. Reappearance of organ discharge followed that of the nucleus by from 6 to 150 msec. At the moment of reappearance, the medullary cell discharge frequency was lower (up to 15%) than normal. 8. The functional characteristics of the medullary nucleus as a pacemaker have been discussed. It is concluded that our records are from the small cells only and that they are pacemaker cells. Evidence is presented that these are electrotonically interconnected, and therefore, polarization of a single cell has little effect on the discharge frequency of the whole nucleus (and electric organ), even though spike amplitudes of the single cell are greatly influenced.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Effect of the sensory nerve transsection on the secondary sensory cells and on the receptor potential (RP) were studied at the level of tuberous organs in mormyrid fish, Gnathonemus. 2. The amplitude and the shape of the receptor potential undergo modifications during the 12 days which follow the transsection of the afferent nerve. Spontaneous activity in the receptor is abolished within 48 hours after the section. 3. Transsection of the afferent nerve provokes rapid degeneration of all secondary sensory cells within 2 to 12 days. Out of 62 organs, the presence of 2 morphologically “intact” cells was observed in only one single case. 4. The diminishing of the amplitude of the receptor potential in an organ appears correlated to the number of “intact” sensory cells. 5. Degeneration of the afferent nerve, judged by its myelin content, occurs faster than that of the sensory cells. 6. The parallel histological and electrophysiolgical observations allow the conclusion that the RP is generated by the sensory cell membrane and not by the afferent nerve terminals. 7. The possible cause of the sensory cell modification due to degeneration of the “postsynaptic” nerve structure is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 66 (1970), S. 164-175 
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Die Funktion der sog. ampullären Organe (Szabo, 1965) der Mormyriden wird mit Hilfe üblicher elektrophysiologischer Methoden untersucht. 2. Die mechanische Empfindlichkeit dieser Organe, die nur an besonderen Stellen der Haut vorkommen, wird im Bereich des Kinnfortsatzes geprüft. 3. Die regelmäßige Spontanaktivität der afferenten Einzelfasern wird durch aktive und passive Bewegungen des Kinnfortsatzes beeinflußt: Entgegengesetzte Bewegungen haben jeweils eine Frequenzerhöhung oder -Verminderung zur Folge. 4. Die Frequenzänderungen haben einen tonischen Charakter. 5. Die Entladungsaktivität des elektrischen Organs steht in bestimmter Beziehung zur Bewegungsgeschwindigkeit des Kinnfortsatzes. 6. Die funktionelle Bedeutung der ampullären Organe im Zusammenhang mit dem elektrosensorischen System wird diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary 1. The function of the so-called ampullary organs (Szabo, 1965) of mormyrids was investigated with the usual elctrophysiological methods. 2. The mechanical sensitivity of these organs was examined in the region of the appendix of the chin. 3. The regular spontaneous activity of the single afferent fibers is influenced by active or passive movements of the chin. Movements in opposite directions provoked contrary effects, i.e. increase or decrease in frequency of the afferent impulse activity. 4. The frequency variations have a tonic character. 5. The electric organ discharge frequency increases with the speed of the movements of the chin. 6. The functional significance of the ampullary organs in connection with the electrosensory system is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 144 (1981), S. 327-333 
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary During social encounters, mormyrid fish exhibit characteristic, temporary EOD cessations: short stops of 0.5 to 1.5 s, and longer cessations, ranging in mean duration from 4.8 to 10.2 s. Under the present conductivity conditions (141 μS/cm), long cessations began to occur at interfish distances of 60 to 70 cm (Fig. 3a), by far exceeding the fish's electrolocation range of about 10 cm. Therefore, long EOD cessations are thought to be true electric social responses which are caused by conspecific EODs and mediated through the fish's electrocommunication channel, including the large electroreceptors (knollenorgans), the nucleus of the posterior lateral line lobe, and a mesencephalic relay, the nucleus mesencephali exterolateralis (NME). This hypothesis was tested by interrupting the communication channel through bilateral lesions in the NME and subsequent investigation of EOD cessation in interactions of intact, operated, and mixed pairs of fish. The lesion resulted in a total loss of the long EOD cessation response: operated fish were non-responsive (electrically ‘blind’) to conspecific EODs. Differences in the duration of the social cessation response in intact fish, interacting with another intact or an operated animal, further supported the role of the NME as a central relay for electrocommunication in the mormyridGnathonemus petersii.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 50 (1963), S. 447-447 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The type B cutaneous receptor represents one of the three kinds of specific organs of the lateral line system of Gymnarchus niloticus (Szabo and Barets, 1963). Electron microscopic observations reveal that the elementary unit (Fig. 18) of the type B organ consists of a well organized assembly of different epithelial elements grouped around each sensory cell. Several such units compose a type B organ innervated by a single myelinated nerve fiber. The cytoplasm of the sensory cell is characterised by a deep invagination lined by long and densely packed microvilli covered by a jelly-like substance. This jelly substance of allongated “stylet” form is situated in an intraepidermal cavity, overlaid by vacuolised epithelial cells oriented perpendicularly toward the external epidermal surface. Certain morphological characteristics of the organ B allows the conclusion that this organ is one of the possible electroreceptors of the Gymnarchus niloticus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 7
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Morphological aspects of lateral line system of Gymnotidae, Mormyridae and Gymnarchidae were studied: “Ordinary” and specialized sense organs were identified and their somatic distribution and their relation to the lateral line nerves established. An attempt was made to classify the specialized sense organs of the lateral line system in these families. The morphological results are discussed in relation to recent physiological data permitting identification of one of the specialized sense organs as a newly recognized sense organ, the electroreceptor.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 47 (1957), S. 77-79 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 48 (1958), S. 536-537 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 10
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The electric organs (main, Sachs' and Hunter's) of a 23 cm and a 38 cm long Electrophorus electricus were studied by histological methods. The results were compared with 12 cm (Keynes, '61) and 140 cm (Couceiro and Ackermann, '48) specimens. All three electric organs originate from striated muscle fiber as indicated by the presence of a striated structure in the undeveloped electroplates. The three organs do not develop simultaneously but in succession: first Sachs' organ, then the main organ and finally Hunter's organ, with considerable overlap in time. In all three cases, the anterior extremity of the organ develops last. The classical notion that the main organ originates from the lateralis imus muscle is not supported by the present findings.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...