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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bacterial dehalorespiration with chlorinated benzenes (2000)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 408 (2000), S. 580-583 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Chlorobenzenes are toxic, highly persistent and ubiquitously distributed environmental contaminants that accumulate in the food chain. The only known microbial transformation of 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene (TeCB) and higher chlorinated benzenes is the reductive dechlorination to lower ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35046063
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Attachment to amorphous iron sulfide increases the activity of strictly anaerobic, gallic acid-degrading bacteria (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 78 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The effect of FeS-coated surfaces on substrate degredation and attachment of strictly anaerobic, gallic acid-fermenting bacteria was examined. Both strains used for this study, Pelobacter acidigallici strain MaGa12 and a newly isolated strain, Pelobacter acidigallici strain EGa1, showed an increased degradation rate in the presence of FeS-coated surfaces. Surfaces not coated with FeS had no effect compared to the control without added surfaces. For strain EGa1, the optimal amount of FeS-coated glass surface for stimulation of degradation was determined. Stimulation was also achieved by addition of dithionite. Control experiments proved that the stimulatory effect of FeS surfaces was not due to a decrease in redox potential or the supply of iron or sulfide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1991.tb04428.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sulfophthalimide as major metabolite formed from sulfonated phthalocyanine dyes by the white-rot fungus Bjerkandera adusta (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 203 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The reaction products formed during the decolorization of the sulfophthalocyanine textile dyes Reactive blue 15 (RB15) and Reactive blue 38 (RB38) by the white-rot fungus Bjerkandera adusta were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection and with liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry. Sulfophthalimides (SPI; 3 and 4) were identified as major metabolites by comparison with synthesized reference compounds. SPI was formed from both dyes in fungal cultures and by incubation with its purified manganese peroxidase and lignin peroxidase. Quantitative assessment of the SPI formed from RB15 accounted for approximately 60% of the theoretical amount.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2001.tb10838.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heterogeneity in biofilms (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology reviews 24 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6976
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Biofilms, accumulations of microorganisms at interfaces, have been described for every aqueous system supporting life. The structure of these microbial communities ranges from monolayers of scattered single cells to thick, mucous structures of macroscopic dimensions (microbial mats; algal-microbial associations; trickling filter biofilms). During recent years the structure of biofilms from many different environments has been documented and evaluated by use of a broad variety of microscopic, physico-chemical and molecular biological techniques, revealing a generally complex 3D structure. Parallel to these investigations more and more complex mathematical models and simulations were developed to explain the development, structures, and interactions of biofilms. The forces determining the spatial structure of biofilms, including microcolonies, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), and channels, are still the subject of controversy. To achieve conclusive explanations for the structures observed in biofilms the cooperation of both fields of investigation, modelling and experimental research, is necessary. The expanding field of molecular techniques not only allows more and more detailed documentation of the spatial distribution of species, but also of functional activities of single cells in their biofilm environment. These new methods will certainly reveal new insights in the mechanisms involved in the developmental processes involved in the formation and behavior of biofilms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6976.2000.tb00565.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Purification and characterization of peroxidases from the dye-decolorizing fungus Bjerkandera adusta (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 165 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A peroxidase oxidizing Mn2+ (MnP) is described for the first time in Bjerkandera adusta, a fungus efficiently degrading xenobiotic compounds. The MnP appeared as two isoenzymes, which were purified to homogeneity together with two lignin peroxidases (LiP). Their N-terminal sequences were identical, but the MnP isoenzymes showed more basic isoelectric points and differences in amino acid composition and catalytic properties. The B. adusta LiP is similar to LiP from Phanerochaete chrysosporium. However, the interest of the MnP described here is related to its ability to catalyze Mn2+-mediated as well as Mn2+-independent reactions on aromatic compounds, which may be of use for applications in biotechnology and environmental technology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1998.tb13125.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abundance and spatial organization of Gram-negative sulfate-reducing bacteria in activated sludge investigated by in situ probing with specific 16S rRNA targeted oligonucleotides (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 25 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A comprehensive panel of ten 16S rRNA targeted oligonucleotides specific for mesophilic sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) within the δ-subclass of Proteobacteria was developed as a diagnostic tool and evaluated for its specificity and in situ applicability. Five probes (DSD131, DSBO224, DSV407, DSR651, DSS658) are specific on genus level and five probes identify distinct phylogenetic subbranches within the families Desulfobacteriaceae (DSMA488, DSB985) and Desulfovibrionaceae (DSV214, DSV698, DSV1292). All oligonucleotides were checked for their specificity by computer aided comparative sequence analysis. For in situ application optimal stringency conditions were adjusted for each fluorescence-labelled probe performing whole cell hybridizations using target and non-target organisms. Activated sludge flocs from different stages within the aeration tank of a large municipal wastewater treatment plant were examined by in situ hybridizations with the indocarbocyanine- (Cy3-) labelled SRB-specific probes. The relative abundance and the spatial organization of single SRB were monitored with epifluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Individual sulfate-reducing cells could be visualized and the number of cells ranged from 0.5 to 8% of the total cell counts within all stages of the activated sludge process and the final clarifier. Cells yielding strong fluorescence signals after hybridization with the newly developed probes were not restricted to anoxic and anaerobic compartments, but were also clearly detectable in the aeration zones of the treatment plant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.1998.tb00459.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamics of biofilm formation in drinking water: phylogenetic affiliation and metabolic potential of single cells assessed by formazan reduction and in situ hybridization (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 22 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Fluorescence-labeled oligonucleotide probes were applied, combined with in situ reduction of the fluorochrome 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride (CTC), to describe the development of bacterial density, phylogenetic diversity and bacterial metabolic activity during the formation of drinking water biofilms. Polyethylene and glass surfaces exposed to drinking water in a modified Robbins device were rapidly colonized by a biofilm community of phylogenetically diverse prokaryotes, and cell density of the biofilm community was strictly controlled by grazing eukaryotic organisms. In situ hybridization with group-specific rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes revealed the following: (i) the prevalence of bacteria belonging to the β-subclass of Proteobacteria within the bacterial biofilm populations; (ii) differences in the population composition, assessed by phylogenetic probes, depended on the surface properties of the substrata; (iii) the influence of water retention time on variations in population structure; and (iv) the presence of bacteria belonging to the family Legionellaceae associated with grazing protozoa. The metabolic potential of bacteria was assessed during biofilm formation using fluorescence signals after in situ hybridization and the reduction of the redox dye CTC as an indicator of respiratory activity. Respiratory activity and ribosome content of adherent bacterial cells decreased continuously during the early stages of the biofilm. After 35 days the percentage of CTC-reducing cells stabilized at 30%, and the amount of hybridized cells stabilized at 55%, of the initial cell number. To ascertain the amount of dormant, but potentially active cells, we established a new method, defined as probe active counts (PAC). Biofilms were incubated with a mixture of appropriate carbon sources and an antibiotic preventing bacterial cell division, followed by the determination of metabolic activity by in situ hybridization. By this approach the percentage of hybridized cells could be increased from 50% to 80% of total bacterial cell counts in the oligotrophic drinking water biofilms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.1997.tb00379.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth and in situ detection of a pathogenic Escherichia coli in biofilms of a heterotrophic water-bacterium by use of 16S- and 23S-rRNA- directed fluorescent oligonucleotide probes (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 13 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The colonization of biofilms of a benzoate-degrading Gram-positive water bacterium, strain B4, by a pathogenic Escherichia coli was studied in a continuous flow reactor. E. coli added to a fixed bed reactor colonized by B4, was able to grow in the biofilms and subsequently re-enter the free water phase in high numbers. Mixed biofilms of strain B4 and E. coli were also grown on glass slides for detailed examination of the spatial order of the mixed population biofilm. Individual cells as well as microcolonies of E. coli were detected in the biofilms by hybridization with a fluorescently labeled 23S rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probe. The spatial distribution of E. coli could be analyzed in all layers of even thick biofilms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.1994.tb00063.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of the microbial community of lotic organic aggregates (‘river snow’) in the Elbe River of Germany by cultivation and molecular methods (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 33 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Aerobic and anaerobic cultivation techniques, 16S rDNA-based phylogeny, and fluorescent in situ hybridization were used to describe the phylogenetic diversity and physiological versatility of lotic microbial aggregates (‘river snow’) obtained from the river Elbe. In the course of the year the ‘river snow’ community changed. It was characterized by a great bacterial diversity in spring, the predominant occurrence of algae in summer and reduction of the total bacterial cell count in autumn and winter. In all ‘river snow’ samples, more than 70% of the bacteria counted with the general DNA stain DAPI also hybridized with the Bacteria-specific probe EUB338. In situ analysis of the bacterial ‘river snow’ community with a comprehensive suite of specific rRNA-targeted probes revealed population dynamics to be governed by seasonal factors. During all seasons, β-Proteobacteria constituted the numerically most important bacterial group forming up to 54% of the total cell counts. In contrast to this, the relative abundance of other major bacterial lineages ranged from 2% for the order Planctomycetales to 36% for Cytophaga-Flavobacteria. Cultivation of ‘river snow’ under aerobic and anaerobic conditions with a variety of different media resulted in the isolation of 40 new bacterial strains. Phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses revealed these new strains to be mostly unknown organisms affiliated to different bacterial phyla. Application of newly developed specific oligonucleotide probes proved the cultivated bacteria, including clostridia and the numerically abundant β-Proteobacteria, as relevant in situ members of the ‘river snow’ community.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2000.tb00738.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavior of sulfate reducing bacteria under oligotrophic conditions and oxygen stress in particle-free systems related to drinking water (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 32 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The response of sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) to oxygen stress under oligotrophic conditions in particle-free systems was studied in (i) sterile Berlin drinking water; (ii) mineral medium; and (iii) in coculture experiments with aerobic bacteria. Using a polyphasic approach including anaerobic cultivation, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and digital image analysis, the behavior of the strains zt3l and zt10e, isolated from Berlin groundwater and affiliated to the family Desulfovibrionaceae, was compared to the type strains Desulfomicrobium baculatum and Desulfovibrio desulfuricans. Anaerobic deep agar dilution series were performed for the determination of cell culturability. FISH and subsequent digital image analysis of probe-conferred fluorescence intensities were used for the assessment of metabolic activity. For the in situ identification of both isolates in coculture tests, two strain-specific oligonucleotides were developed and evaluated. The total cell counts of stressed SRB in drinking water decreased during the course of the assay dependent on the strain. Both environmental isolates could be cultured for a longer period than cells of D. baculatum and D. desulfuricans, respectively. The FISH intensities showed a strain-specific behavior. When exposed to simultaneous oxygen stress and carbon limitation in mineral medium, total cell counts of all four strains remained constant throughout a period of 72 days. The rate of culturability differed between the investigated strains. The decrease of metabolic activity as assessed by FISH was a strain-specific property. Exposure of SRB to oxygen stress and carbon starvation in coculture experiments with Aquabacterium commune resulted in strain dependent prolonged culturability and a delayed decrease of the metabolic activity compared to pure culture tests for all strains tested. Total cell counts of SRB were constant throughout the whole experiment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2000.tb00714.x
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