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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Population Structure and Reproductive Biology of Saururus cernuus L. (Saururaceae) (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant species biology 9 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-1984
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The population structure and reproductive biology of Saururus cernuus (Lizard's Tail; Saururaceae; Piperales), is documented in five sites in southern Louisiana (Mississippi Delta). The species is common throughout the southeastern United States in marshes, along streams, edges of lakes, and in the understory of moist forests. The clonal species exhibits sexual and vegetative reproduction. Wind and insects both play important roles in pollination. Pollen may be borne by insects directly. Alternatively, the pollen may be borne by wind after its release is triggered from pendulous floral spikes (the “Lizard's Tail”) by either wind or insect landings (insect-mediated wind pollination). The plants are self-incompatible and seed set results from a combination of pollination modes with wind pollination being the primary mode (rare in the Magnoliidae). Inflorescence and floral structure exhibit adaptive features that facilitate the various modes of pollen transfer, viz., numerous, small scented, protogynous flowers with no perianth, ultraviolet patterns produced by stamen filaments, small pollen grains, curved inflorescences, and exerted stamens, etc. Fruit production and seed germination are documented and plant growth and densities are compared in sunny versus forest sites.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-1984.1994.tb00082.x
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Floral scents, leaf volatiles and thermogenic flowers in Magnoliaceae (1999)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    Plant species biology 14 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-1984
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The role and chemical composition of floral scent in pollination systems of angiosperms has been largely ignored because of the difficulty in characterizing scent components. Magnoliaceae is one of the few plant families in which the floral scents of a large number of species have been analyzed. Within the family, floral scents of taxa are dominated by one chemical class of compounds (e.g. benzenoids or terpenoids etc.). Artificially damaged leaves emit a variety of chemicals, some of which also occur in the floral scents (e.g. 4,8-dimethyl-1,3(E),7-nonatriene, linalool etc.). Floral thermogenesis occurs in Magnoliaceae and enhances evaporation of floral scent (in Magnolia tamaulipana A. Vázquez, sp. nov.) and may serve as a direct energy reward to visiting insects. It is hypothesized that floral heat and scent may have been key components in the breeding systems of early angiosperms. Floral heat may have been a major resource for insects and one that could be provided by plants without evolution of elaborate morphological features. In this regard, fragrance signals not only food and mating sites, but also heat.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-1984.1999.00015.x
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chemical Divergence in Floral Scents of Magnolia and Allied Genera (Magnoliaceae) (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant species biology 12 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-1984
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Floral scents emitted from Magnolia, Michelia and Liriodendron taxa native to or cultivated in North America, Mexico and Japan were collected by the headspace method and analyzed using gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Volatile compounds are widespread in the flowers of angiosperms and the chemical property of the scents can be distinguished in taxa. For example, the primary chemical in the scent of Magnolia virginiana growing in Louisiana (U.S.A.) is linalool, whereas in Maryland (U.S.A.) population flowers emit 2-phenylethanol. The flowers of M. grandiflora and M. tamaulipana both emit a number of monoterpenes, mainly geraniol derivatives, but scents of M. pyramidata yield mainly fatty acid esters. Caryophyllene is exclusively emitted by M. sieboldii ssp. japonica, isobutyl acetate by Michelia figo, and 1,2-dimethoxybenzene by M. salicifolia. The flowers of L. tulipifera and L. chinense emit mainly hydrocarbon-terpenoids, the former dominated by limonene, the latter by afarnesene. In some closely related disjunct taxa distributed in North America and eastern Asia the floral scents closely resemble each other, e.g., Magnolia tripetala (North America) and M. hypoleuca (Japan) both strongly emit methyl benzoate. Another set of disjunct taxa, M. acuminata (North America) and M. heptapeta (China) both exclusively emit pentadecane, a hydrocarbon. In some species of Magnolia, volatile compounds present in floral scents are also emitted in damaged leaves. This suggests these chemicals play different roles in various plant organs (deter leaf herbivores, attract parasitoids, attract insects to flowers, etc.).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-1984.1997.tb00159.x
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Fluorescent Magnolia Flowers (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant species biology 10 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-1984
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-1984.1995.tb00121.x
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A Conserved Motif in the 5.8S Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) Gene is a Useful Diagnostic Marker for Plant Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) Sequences (1997)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology reporter 15 (1997), S. 326-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9818
    Schlagwort(e): 5.8S rRNA ; ITS ; phylogenetics ; angiosperms
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region has become an important nuclear locus for molecular systematic investigations of angiosperms at the intergenic and interspecific levels. Universal PCR primers are positioned on the conserved rRNA genes (18S, 5.8S, 26S) to amplify the entire ITS spacer region. Recent reports of fungal and algal contaminants, first described as plant ITS sequences, stress the need for diagnostic markers specific for the angiosperm ITS region. This report describes a conserved 14 base pair (bp) motif in the 5.8S rRNA gene that can be used to differentiate between flowering plants, bryophytes, and several orders of algae and fungi, including common plant pathogenic and non-pathogenic fungi. A variant of the motif (found in fungi and algae) contains a convenient EcoRI restriction site that has several applications for eliminating problematic contaminants from plant ITS preparations.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007462330699
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Distribution and Differential Expression of (E)-4,8-Dimethyl-1,3,7-Nonatriene in Leaf and Floral Volatiles of Magnolia and Liriodendron Taxa (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 23 (1997), S. 2467-2478 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Floral odor ; green odor ; monoterpene ; sesquiterpene ; 4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene ; attractant ; deterrent ; herbivore ; pollination biology ; plant–insect interaction
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Analyses of volatiles emitted from artificially damaged leaves attached to branches of seven Magnolia taxa revealed the presence of (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, (Z)-3-hexenol (the green odor compounds), and several mono- and sesquiterpenes, e.g., (Z)- and (E)-β-ocimene and caryophyllene. An herbivore-induced leaf volatile, (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene, known as a predator attractant in agricultural plants, was emitted 4–6 hr after leaves were damaged in M. hypoleuca. The damaged leaves of M. grandiflora, however, immediately released (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene. Undamaged leaves of Magnolia species examined did not emit volatile compounds. In addition, detached flowers of six Magnolia taxa and Liriodendron tulipifera also emit (E)-4,8-dimemyl-1,3,7-nonatriene as a floral volatile (up to 30% in some species); the chemical was also emitted from the intact flowers of M. heptapeta and M. salicifolia.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOEC.0000006660.84363.1b
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Molecular Phylogeny of Magnolia (Magnoliaceae) Inferred from cpDNA Sequences and Evolutionary Divergence of the Floral Scents (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of plant research 112 (1999), S. 291-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-0860
    Schlagwort(e): Keywords: Liriodendron, Magnolia, Michelia, Phylogeny, Volatile
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Magnolia (disjuncts), however, have similar chemical profiles. A molecular phylogeny of Magnoliaceae was constructed to reveal phylogenetic relationships of taxa by sequencing the trnK intron (including the matK coding region), psbA-trnH, and atpB-rbcL intergenic spacer regions of chloroplast DNA from 25 Magnolia, two Michelia, and two Liriodendron taxa. The psbA-trnH spacer region showed twice the sequence divergence (0.0157) of the trnK intron (0.0073) or the matK coding region (0.0077). The strict consensus tree constructed from the combined data set (ca. 3,700 bp) indicated the genus Magnolia was polyphyletic containing Michelia species as ingroup. The clade of Magnolia liliifera var. obovata, M. coco, and M. delavayi formed the first branch. Among the remaining species, two additional large clades were recognized, i.e., one comprised of American evergreen Magnolia species and another of subgenus Yulania. The relationship among sect. Rytidospermum taxa was not clearly resolved. Parsimonious mapping of the floral scent chemical characters was performed onto the molecular phylogenetic tree to discuss evolutionary trends of the floral scent chemistries.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00013885
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Self-isolation and insect pollination in the primitive angiosperms: New evaluations of older hypotheses (1987)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 156 (1987), S. 159-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Schlagwort(e): Arecales ; Cyclanthales ; Dilleniaceae ; Magnoliidae ; Angiosperm evolution ; bees ; beetles ; dichogamy ; dicliny ; insects ; protandry ; protogyny
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A review of the literature, compiled over the past 40 years suggests new directions for theories discussing the evolution of reproductive isolation and entomophily in angiosperms. Data on breeding systems suggests that the protoangiosperms may have developed gametophytic self-incompatibility. Protogyny is probably ancestral to protandry and herkogamy. Although the proto-flowers were bisexual wide variation in the number of sexual organs within proto-flowers probably led to labile sexuality and early trends towards dicliny. Beetle-pollination in extant relicts appears too specialized to represent an ancestral condition. Rather, the proto-flowers may have been generalist entomophiles incorporating some beetles,Plecoptera, thrips, micropterigid moths and proto-dipterans into their fluctuating spectra of opportunistic pollinators. Bee-pollination is probably polyphyletic in origin evolving repeatedly from angiosperms showing these generalist syndromes. There is still no correlation between primitive bees (especiallyColletidae) and the relictual angiosperms. Pollen that is usually retained within the anthers following dehiscence and the presence of staminal filaments and styles characterizes most of the flowers of those relictual angiosperms pollinated by specialized, modernApoidea.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00936071
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