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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Forecasting of reference crop evapotranspiration
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Agricultural Water Management 24 (1993), S. 163-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 0378-3774
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-3774(93)90022-3
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasmids for heavy metal resistance in Alcaligenes eutrophus CH34: Mechanisms and applications (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology reviews 14 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6976
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract: Alcaligenes eutrophus CH34 is the main representative of a group of strongly related strains (mostly facultative chemolithotrophs) that are well adapted to environments containing high levels of heavy metals. It harbors the megaplasmids pMOL28 and pMOL30 which carry resistance determinants to Co2+, Ni2+, CrO42-, Hg2+, Tl+, Cd2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+. Among the best characterized determinants are the cnr operon (resistance to Co, Ni) on pMOL28 and the czc operon on pMOL30 (resistance to Co, Cd and Zn). Although the two systems reveal a significant degree of amino acid similarity in the structural genes, the regulation of the operons is different. The resistance mechanism in both cases is based on efflux. The efflux mechanism leads to a pH increase outside of the cytoplasmic membrane. Metals are sequestered from the external medium through the bioprecipitation of metal carbonates formed in the saturated zone around the cell. This latter phenomenon can be exploited in bioreactors designed to remove metals from effluents. The bacteria are immobilized on composite membranes in a continuous tubular membrane reactor (CTMR). The effluent continuously circulates through the intertubular space, while the external surface of the tubes is in contact with the growth medium. Metal crystals are eventually removed by the effluent stream and collected on a glass bead column. The system has been applied to effluents containing Cd, Zn, Co, Ni and Cu. By introducing catabolic plasmids involved in the aerobic degradation of PCBs and 2,4-D into metal-resistant A. eutrophus strains, the application range was widened to include effluents polluted with both organic and inorganic substances. Biosensors have been developed which are based on the fusion of genes induced by metals to a reporter system, the lux operon of Vibrio fischeri. Bacterial luciferases produce light through the oxidation of fatty aldehydes. The gene fusions are useful both for the study of regulatory genes and for the determination of heavy metal concentrations in the environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6976.1994.tb00115.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of the siderophore alcaligin E on the bioavailability of Cd to Alcaligenes eutrophus CH34 (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 20 (1998), S. 61-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: siderophore; Alcaligenes eutrophus; heavy metal resistance; czc; bioavailability; biosensor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Alcaligin E, the siderophore of the heavy metal-resistant A. eutrophus strain CH34, was shown to interact with Cd and consequently affect its bioavailability and toxicity. The addition of alcaligin E markedly stimulated the growth in the presence of Cd of an alcaligin E-deficient CH34 derivative. Using bioluminescence assays, this effect could be assigned to a decrease in bioavailability of Cd in the presence of alcaligin E. However, Cd-uptake studies showed no influence of alcaligin E on the cellular concentration of Cd. Furthermore, by scanning electron microscopy, the morphology of precipitated Cd crystals was shown to be altered by alcaligin E. These data suggest that alcaligin E, besides its function in iron supply to the cell, provides a protection against heavy metal toxicity. A link between the A. eutrophus CH34 siderophore system and the czc-mediated Cd-efflux system is hypothesized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900478
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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