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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Herbivory-induced volatiles elicit defence genes in lima bean leaves (2000)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 406 (2000), S. 512-515 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] In response to herbivore damage, several plant species emit volatiles that attract natural predators of the attacking herbivores. Using spider mites (Tetranychus urticae) and predatory mites (Phytoseiulus persimilis), it has been shown that not only the attacked plant but also ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35020072
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oviposition experience on a host-infested plant affects flight and antennal searching behavior of Cotesia kariyai toward the host-plant complex (2000)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 97 (2000), S. 251-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Cotesia kariyai ; Mythimna separata ; host-plant complex ; oviposition experience ; learning
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The flight response of Cotesia kariyaiWatanabe (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a parasitoid of the polyphagous herbivore, Mythimna separataWalker (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), to pairs of different plant species infested by M. separatalarvae was tested under a dual choice condition in the laboratory. The oviposition-inexperienced (naive) wasps showed preference in the order: corn 〉 kidney bean 〉 Japanese radish. Wasps that had previously oviposited on the less preferred plant in a pair were found to have shifted their preference to this plant at 2 h after oviposition. However, this shift became indistinct at 17 h after oviposition. Prior oviposition on a plant species other than those being compared also affected the preference. These data suggest that learning is involved in the wasp's flight response. Prior oviposition was also observed to have an effect on the antennal searching behavior of the wasp on corn leaves. Such behavioral plasticity may enhance the efficiency by which C. kariyaisearches for polyphagous hosts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004026610315
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of host fecal pellet and synthetic kairomone on host-searching and postoviposition behavior of Apanteles kariyai, a parasitoid of Pseudaletia separata (1989)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 52 (1989), S. 221-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Apanteles kariyai ; Pseudaletia separata ; kairomone ; arrestment response ; searching ; excursion ; oviposition behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La réponse des femelles d'A. kariyai Watanabe aux crottes de la chenille de P. separata Walker a été étudiée au laboratoire. L'effet fixateur sur A. kariyai d'une crotte est caractérisé par une réduction de la vitesse de marche et par des détours fréquents. Pendant la fixation, elle se retourne plusieurs fois vers la crotte qu'elle vient de quitter. Le temps passé en fixation croît avec la concentration de la source en kairomone synthétique (2,5-dihexandécyltétrahydrofuran), jusqu'à 10-4 mg de kairomone par source. Suivant la concentration de la kairomone on observe 2 types de réations de fixation par la source: la recherche de la source et le parcours du bord de la source. Au cours de visites successives à la source, la vitesse de déplacement augmente, tandis que le temps dépensé sur la source et la distance parcourue diminuent. Immédiatement après la ponte la femelle ne réagit plus à la kairomone ou à un hôte et s'éloigne de la source.
    Notes: Abstract The response of female Apanteles kariyai (Watanabe) to a fecal pellet of its host, Pseudaletia separata (Walker) was observed in the laboratory. The arrestment response of A. kariyai to a fecal pellet was characterized by a reduction of walking speed and increased turing rate. During arrestment, A. kariyai turned back towards the fecal pellet several times after she had left it. Using patches impregnated with the synthetic kairomone 2,5-dihexadecyltetrahydrofuran, it was determined that the time spent in arrestment response increased with increasing kairomone concentration but leveled off above 10-4 mg kairomone per patch. A. kariyai demonstrated two modes of arrestment response towards the patch (patch-searching mode and patch-edge-following mode), which were dependent on the amount of kairomone per patch. During successive visits to the patch, walking speed increased whereas time spent and distance walked on the patch decreased. Postoviposition behavior of A. kariyai was also studied using the kairomone patch. Immediately after oviposition, the wasp did not respond to the kairomone stimuli or to a host and always walked away from the patch.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00414047
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of the scale wax ofCeroplastes ceriferus anderson (Hemiptera: Coccidae) as a defense against the parasitic waspAnicetus ceroplastis Ishii (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 6 (1993), S. 107-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: Anicetus ceroplastis ; Anicetus beneficus ; Ceroplastes ceriferus ; Ceroplastes rubens ; scale wax ; host finding behavior ; defense substance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01049151
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors determining the host plant range of the phytophagous mite, Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae): a method for quantifying host plant acceptance (1998)
    Springer
    Experimental and applied acarology 22 (1998), S. 595-601 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9702
    Keywords: Tetranychus urticae ; host plant range ; host plant acceptance ; host plant suitability ; potential host plant ; Tetranychidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The host plant acceptance of the phytophagous mite Tetranychus urticae was experimentally quantified. Host plant acceptance is described as the proportion of adult females settling on the test plant on which they have been placed. On the other hand, the host plant suitability of T. urticae on different plant species is expressed as the mean number of eggs produced by the females within 5 days (hereafter 'fecundity'). An inbred T. urticae line was tested with regard to host plant acceptance and fecundity on 11 potential host plants. These two variables were positively correlated across host plants; host plant species on which the fecundity was low were also those on which females settled less readily compared to host plants with high fecundity. The characteristics of host plant acceptance of the T. urticae are discussed in light of their potential food resource under natural conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006138527904
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variation in composition of predator-attracting allelochemicals emitted by herbivore-infested plants: Relative influence of plant and herbivore (1991)
    Springer
    Chemoecology 2 (1991), S. 1-6 
    Details
    ISSN: 1423-0445
    Keywords: tritrophic interactions ; apple leaves ; cultivars ; volatile infochemicals ; allelochemicals ; terpenoids ; headspace analysis ; Acari ; Tetranychus urticae ; Panonychus ulmi
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary During foraging, natural enemies of herbivores may employ volatile allelochemicals that originate from an interaction of the herbivore and its host plant. The composition of allelochemical blends emitted by herbivore-infested plants is known to be affected by both the herbivore and the plant. Our chemical data add new evidence to the recent notion that the plants are more important than the herbivore in affecting the composition of the volatile blends. Blends emitted by apple leaves infested with spider mites of 2 different species,T. urticae andP. ulmi, differed less in composition (principally quantitative differences for some compounds) than blends emitted by leaves of two apple cultivars infested by the same spider-mite species,T. urticae (many quantitative and a few qualitative differences). Comparison between three plant species — apple, cucumber and Lima bean — reveals even larger differences between volatile blends emitted upon spider-mite damage (many quantitative differences and several qualitative differences).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01240659
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An allelochemical elicits arrestment inApanteles kariyai in feces of nonhost larvaeAcantholeucania loreyi (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 2009-2017 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Apanteles kariyai ; Hymenoptera ; Braconidae ; Acantholeucania loreyi ; Pseudaletia separata ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; 2,5-dialkyltet-rahydrofuran ; arrestant ; allelochemical ; antimone ; kairomone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Females of the larval parasitoidApanteles kariyai (Watanabe) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) are arrested on fecal pellets ofAcantholeucania loreyi (Duponchel) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae. Upon subsequent antennal contact with anA. loreyi larva, females sting it with their ovipositor. However, such stinging did not result in any offspring. The allelochemical involved in feces has been identified and is identical to a kairomone of the hostPseudaletia separata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). In contrast toA. loreyi, P. separata is a suitable host forA. kariyai, and oviposition inP. separata results in offspring production. The allelochemical mediating the interaction betweenA. loreyi andA. kariyai is discussed in the context of current allelochemical terminology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01020512
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lotus japonicus Infested with Herbivorous Mites Emits Volatile Compounds That Attract Predatory Mites (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of plant research 113 (2000), S. 427-433 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-0860
    Keywords: Keywords: Herbivore-induced volatile compounds, Lotus japonicus, Predatory mites, Phytoseiulus persimilis, Spider mites, Tetranychus urticae, Tritrophic interactions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Lotus Japonicus has an indirect defense mechanism against spider mites, Tetranychus urticae, we investigated the responses of predatory mites, Phytoseiulus persimilis, to volatile compounds released from T. urticae-infested L. japonicus in a Y-tube olfactometer. Plants infested with spider mites attracted more P. persimilis than did clean air. Uninfested plants and artificially damaged plants did not attract P. persimilis. When infested by spider mites, L. japonicus plants started emitting (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene, germacrene d, 1-octen-3-ol and methyl salicylate (MeSA). These compounds were considered to be T. urticae-induced plant volatile compounds. When three L. japonicus mutants deficient in nodule organogenesis were infested by the spider mites, they all attracted P. persimilis. However, two of the infested mutants emitted blends of induced volatile compounds that were qualitatively different from those emitted from infested wild type L. japonicus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00013951
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oviposition stimulants in the coccoid cuticular waxes ofAphytis yanonensis De Bach & Rosen (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 1657-1665 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Aphytis yanonensis ; Hymenoptera ; Aphelinidae ; oviposition stimulant ; kairomone ; Unaspis yanonensis ; Homoptera ; Diaspididae ; cuticular wax
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Aphytis yanonensis De Bach & Rosen, a parasitic wasp of the arrowhead scale,Unaspis yanonensis (Kuwana), was introduced to Japan to controlU. yanonensis. A. yanonensis recognizes a host insect by antennal contact and deposits eggs on the insect body underneath the scale. Ovipositional behavior is induced by perceiving the cuticular wax of the host insect,U. yanonensis, and other coccoids. Chemical composition of the cuticular wax was analyzed and oviposition stimulants were isolated following a bioassay usingA. yanonensis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01014098
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Volatile herbivore-induced terpenoids in plant-mite interactions: Variation caused by biotic and abiotic factors (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 20 (1994), S. 1329-1354 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Tritrophic interactions ; volatile terpenoids ; induced defense ; indirect defense ; Acari ; Tetranychidae ; Phytoseiidae ; mites ; herbivore-induced synomones ; abiotic conditions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Plants may defend themselves against herbivores by enhancing the effectiveness of natural enemies of herbivores. This is termed “indirect defense,” which may be induced by herbivore damage. An important aspect of induced indirect defense is the attraction of the herbivore's natural enemies to infested plants by the plant emitting so-called “herbivore-induced synomone” (HIS) in response to herbivore damage. In this paper, we review the role of terpenoids in the induced indirect defense of plants against herbivorous mites. HIS are emitted from both damaged and undamaged areas of infested plants, and the composition of HIS varies among different plant species. The emission of HIS may also vary within a plant species, depending upon: (1) plant cultivar, (2) leaf growth stage, (3) the herbivore species that is attacking, and (4) abiotic conditions (light intensity, time of year, and water stress). Predatory mites cope with this variation of HIS by innate recognition as well as temporary specialization to a certain HIS via learning.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02059811
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