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  • 1
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chester : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Journal of synchrotron radiation 5 (1998), S. 351-353 
    ISSN: 1600-5775
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The operational performance of the NIJI-III superconducting storage ring has been studied with particular attention focused on the vacuum performance of the cold-bore chamber. Photon-stimulated gas desorption in the cold-bore chamber was examined after commissioning the storage ring. It was confirmed that the photon-stimulated gas desorption due to diffuse reflection of synchrotron radiation at the absorber was not dominant in the gas desorption when the electron beam was accumulated in the storage ring.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The antitumor effects of human lymphoblastoid interferon (HLBI) on human renal cell carcinomas transplanted in nude mice, i.e., KU-2 and RCC-1, were investigated and compared with those on other human tumors, viz. HeLa (cervical carcinoma), KB (nasopharyngeal carcinoma), H.Ep#2 (laryngeal carcinoma), and MX-1 (breast cancer). A pharmacokinetic study on HLBI was also carried out in non-tumor-bearing nude mice. HLBI therapy was performed with a dose of 105 IU/mouse by daily SC or IT (intratumoral) injection for 2–4 weeks. Two renal cell carcinomas, KU-2 and RCC-1, proved to be highly sensitive to HLBI. The growth of these tumors was inhibited not only by IT but also by SC injection of HLBI. In contrast, HLBI exerted only a slight effect or none at all on the other human tumors, namely, MX-1, KB, H.Ep#2, and HeLa, even when given by IT injection. The data show that the antitumor effects of HLBI depend on the types of human tumors and may be relevant to the clinical observation that renal tumors are sensitive to HLBI. The serum HLBI reached a peak level of 4,390 U/ml 1 h after a single SC injection at a dose of 105 IU/mouse and declined with a half-life of 4h to 128 U/ml 24 h later. This time-course was not affected by 10 consecutive daily injections of HLBI. In nude mice, the consecutive administration of HLBI at this dose level appears to result in neither accumulation nor rapid clearance due to antibody formation. From this range of serum HLBI levels and its in vitro anticellular activity, the in vivo antitumor effects of HLBI in nude mice seemed to depend on its direct anticellular action.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: ethanol diets ; hepatocytes ; chemotactic factor ; polymorphonuclear cells ; Kupffer cells ; chemotaxis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In an attempt to clarify a mechanism of polymorphonuclear cell and/or macrophage infiltration in alcoholic liver disease, we investigated a novel chemotactic and activating factor generated by rat hepatocytes isolated from the chronically ethanol-fed rats. Hepatocytes and hepatic macrophages were isolated from rat liver by perfusion and digestion with collagenase and subsequently by differential centrifugation on a metrizamide gradient. Rat polymorphonuclear cells were prepared from blood by the dextran sedimentation and Hypaque-Ficoll technique. Chemotactic activity was measured as migration of polymorphonuclear cells or hepatic macrophages using a chemotactic chamber. When hepatocytes isolated from the ethanol-fed rats were culturedin vitro, chemotactic activity for rat polymorphonuclear cells and hepatic macrophages was demonstrated in the culture supernatant. Inhibitors of transcription and protein synthesis reduced generation of chemotactic factor from these hepatocytes. Chemotactic activity of the conditioned medium was reduced after trypsin (0.25%, 37° C, 30 min) or heat (56° C, 30 min) treatment. The chemotactic activity was eluted at molecular weights of 20–25 kDa and 40–45 kDa following Sephadex G-150 chromatography. Superoxide anion production by polymorphonuclear cells and hepatic macrophages under the stimulation of phorbolmyristate acetate was enhanced in the presence of this chemotactic factor. This chemotactic factor may contribute to the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: ethanol ; hepatocytes ; chemotactic factor ; neutrophils ; antiallergic agents ; prednisolone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In an attempt to clarify a mechanism of neutrophil infiltration in the liver of alcoholics and possible therapeutic effect of antiallergic agents on accumulation of these cells in the liver, we investigated chemotaxis of neutrophils by stimulation of a chemotactic factor released from rat hepatocytes exposed to ethanol. When hepatocytes were incubated with more than 30 mM ethanol for 24 hr, chemotactic activity for both rat and human neutrophils was demonstrated in the conditioned medium. An enhanced chemotactic activity of the conditioned medium was reduced in the presence of antibody against KC/gro protein, one of the interleukin-8-related cytokines in rodents. Antiallergic agents such as azelastine or ketotifen at a concentration of 〉0.01 µM markedly reduced chemotaxis of neutrophils. Prednisolone at a concentration of 〉10 µM also reduced chemotaxis of neutrophils. These results suggest that neutrophil accumulation in the liver of human alcoholics could be induced by a chemotactic factor produced by the ethanol-treated hepatocytes and that antiallergic agents could be effective against the extent of alcoholic hepatitis by reducing chemotaxis of neutrophils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: ischemia-reperfusion ; Kupffer cells ; hepatic injury ; superoxide anion ; electron spin resonance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To elucidate the role of Kupffer cells in ischemia-reperfusion-induced hepatic injury, hepatic injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion was analyzed after modulation of Kupffer cell function. Ischemia of the liver was performed by occlusion of both the portal vein and hepatic artery, which enter into the left lateral and median lobes of the liver. Blood flow in the ischemic lobe was reduced, in contrast to an increased blood flow in the nonischemic lobe during occlusion of the veins. Although hepatocyte damage was not demonstrated by ischemia for 〈60 min, hepatic injury was found after reperfusion of the liver, and activation of Kupffer cells was morphologically demonstrated by electron microscopies. Suppression of Kupffer cells, induced by previous administration of gadolinium chloride or latex particles, reduced the grade of hepatic injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion. On the other hand, stimulation of Kupffer cell phagocytosis, induced by administration of latex particles at the time of reperfusion, aggravated the ischemia-reperfusion-induced hepatotoxicity, which was then reduced by simultaneous administration of superoxide dismutase. Kupffer cells, isolated from the rats treated with the ischemia-reperfusion procedure, have been found to release increased amounts of oxygen radical intermediates. These results suggest that hepatic injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion is modulated by the function of Kupffer cells and that superoxide anion released from Kupffer cells cound play an important role in ischemia-reperfusion hepatic injury.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: acetaminophen ; chemotactic factor ; hepatocytes ; KC/gro protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To clarify the mechanism of neutrophil infiltration in the liver of acetaminophen-induced hepatic injury, chemotactic factor released from hepatocytes exposed to acetaminophen has been investigated. Hepatocytes exposed to acetaminophen release nondialyzable chemotactic factor, although actaminophen in itself inhibits chemotaxis of neutrophils. Chemotactic activity of the nondialyzable chemotactic factor was reduced after treatment with heat (56°C, 30 min) or trypsin. Chemotactic activity was demonstrated at the molecular weights of around 25 and 55 kDa. Chemotactic activity of the conditioned medium was not significantly reduced in the presence of antibody against rat KC/gro protein (interleukin-8-related cytokine in rodent). Chemotactic activity of a 25-kDa factor was reduced by the antibody against KC/gro protein, but that of a 55-kDa factor was not reduced. Immunoblot analysis revealed that the peptide reacted with antibody against rat KC/gro protein was demonstrated at a molecular weight of around 20–25 kDa, but not at around 55kDa, when the conditioned medium of acetaminophen-treated hepatocytes was electrophoresed. These results suggest that hepatocytes exposed to acetaminophen release two types of chemotactic factors for neutrophils and that a major part of the chemotactic factor could be different from a member of interleukin-8 family.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Stereoregular polymethacrylates containing adenine, uracil, or theophylline residues in the side chains (4a-c), were prepared starting from isotactic and syndiotactic poly[1-(2-bromoethoxycarbonyl)-1-methylethylene] (2) by reaction with the sodium salts of the corresponding nucleic bases. NMR- and UV-spectroscopic studies of the polymers were carried out.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 151 (1972), S. 49-57 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Bei der radikalischen, durch Azoisobuttersäuredinitril initiierten Polymerisation von Acrylnitril (AN) bewirkt zugesetztes Triphenylphosphit (TPP) je nach der angewendeten Menge entweder eine Verlangsamung oder eine Beschleunigung der Reaktion. Es wird angenommen, daß die Verlangsammung auf der Bildung relativ reaktionsträger Phosphoranylradikale aus TPP und 2-Cyanoisopropylradikalen beruht. Die Beschleunigung der Reaktion bei gröperem Zusatz von TPP wird mit der Bildung eines lockeren Komplexes aus AN und TPP erklärt, der durch UV-Spektren nachgewiesen wurde und der schneller polymerisiert als das reine AN. TPP hat keinen signifikanten Einfluß auf die Molekulargewichte der Polymeren. Der sehr geringe Phosphorgehalt (0,02-0,06%) entspricht einer Menge von nur 1-4 Atomen P pro Makromolekül.
    Notes: In the polymerization of acrylonitrile initiated with α,α′-azobisisobutyronitrile, triphenylphosphite exhibited two different effects on the rate of polymerization, a decreasing effect and an increasing effect. The decrease is due to the phosphoranyl radical formed by the addition of a 2-cyanopropyl radical to triphenylphosphite. The increase is due to the formation of a weak n-π complex between triphenylphosphite and acrylonitrile, which was confirmed from the UV absorption spectra. Triphenylphosphite had no significant effect on the molecular weight of the polymer. The phosphorus content in the polymer was small (0.02-0.06%), the number of phosphorus units in one polymer chain being 1-4.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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