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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 44 (1979), S. 1823-1825 
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 38 (1973), S. 2501-2509 
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 94 (1990), S. 5554-5556 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 20 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Acetylcholine (ACh) and GABA, the main neurotransmitters of the efferent innervation of the outer hair cells (OHCs), are assumed to regulate the efficacy of the cochlear amplifier through a variety of mechanisms. The recently described stretch-induced changes of the lateral wall stiffness (regulatory stiffness response) and the stretch-induced slow cell motility of OHCs may be important regulatory mechanisms in this process [J.T. Batta et al. (2003) Eur. J. Physiol. 424, 328–336]. We found that ACh in cochleobasal OHCs significantly reduces the stiffness of the lateral wall but increases the regulatory stiffness response and stretch-induced slow cell motility. Qualitatively similar cellular responses were evoked by GABA in cochleoapical OHCs. The effects of ACh could be inhibited by strychnine, the specific inhibitor of the α9 ACh receptors expressed in OHCs, whereas the effects of GABA could be blocked by bicuculline, a specific GABAA receptor antagonist. In the absence of extracellular Ca2+ the effects of ACh and GABA on the regulatory stiffness response were reduced, indicating the involvement of Ca2+ in the control of this process. Based on our results we suggest that efferent innervation protects the organ of Corti against high sound intensities and supports adaptation by modification of the micromechanical properties of OHCs. This could be governed by ACh and GABA indirectly, via the potentiation of stretch-induced cell shortening in a Ca2+-dependent manner, rather than by a direct stiffness regulation-related mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 124 (1993), S. 167-175 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Synthesis ; Benzo[h]quinazolines ; 1H- and13C-NMR spectroscopy ; Tautomerism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Reaktion von 2-Aryliden-1-tetralonen1 mit Benzamidin ergab 2-Phenyl-4-aryl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydrobenzo[h]chinazoline2. Untersuchungen über das tautomere Gleichgewicht von2 mittels IR,1H-NMR, und13C-NMR Spektroskopie zeigten, daß für die Verbindungen das Tautomere2A dominierte (sowohl in fester Phase als auch in Lösung). Acetylierung und Oxidation des heterocyclischen Ringes von2 ergab weitere Beweise für die Struktur der Titelverbindungen.
    Notes: Summary The reaction of 2-arylidene-1-tetralones1 with benzamidine gave 2-phenyl-4-aryl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydrobenzo[h]quinazolines2. Investigations on the tautomeric equilibria of2 by IR,1H- and13C-NMR showed the compounds to exist predominantly in the tautomeric form2A both in the solid state and in solution. Acetylation and oxidation of the heterocyclic ring of2 provided further evidence for the structural assignment of the title compounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigation on the Chemistry of Berbans, III. Regiospecific Synthesis of Depyrroloyohimbinone by Dieckmann Condensation of unsaturated EstersDieckmann-ring closure of unsaturated-saturated esters (1-4) leads to products (6-10) whose stereochemistry is predominantly controlled by the configuration of the starting material. The reaction is useful for the regio-and stereoselective construction of berban derivatives.
    Notes: Untersuchungen des Dieckmann-Ringschlusses von gesättigt-ungesättigten Dicarbonsäureestern (1-4) zeigen, daß die Produkte (6-10) vor allem von der Konfiguration des Ausgangsmaterials abhängen. Die Reaktion ist zum regioselektiven und stereoselektiven Aufbau von Berban-Derivaten sehr nützlich.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 105 (1972), S. 813-819 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Amidoximes, II Redox Aromatization of 2-Oximino-1.2.3.4-tetrahydroquinoxaline and Its Acyl Derivatives2-Oximino-1.2.3.4-tetrahydroquinoxaline (1) in boiling acetic anhydride yielded 2-acetaminoquinoxaline (6). This unusual aromatization proceeds via the N4.O-diacetyl derivative 2a by synchronous elimination of the N4-acetyl and acetoxy groups as acetic anhydride. With palladium charcoal in solution both 1 and 3 gave 2-aminoquinoxaline (7). 7 was also obtained in quantitative yield by thermolysis of 3. The latter reaction parallels the transformation of N4-substituted 1.2.4-oxadiazolin-5-ones via azomethine nitrenes into amidines and is the first example of this process with condensed 1.2.4-oxadiazoles.
    Notes: Aus 2-Oximino-1.2.3.4-tetrahydro-chinoxalin (1) entsteht in siedendem Acetanhydrid 2-Acetamino-chinoxalin (6). Diese eigenartige Aromatisierung vollzieht sich aus dem N4. O-Diacetylderivat 2a als Zwischenstufe durch eine synchrone Abspaltung der N4-Acetyl- und der Oxim-Acetoxygruppe als Acetanhydrid. 1 und 3 liefern mit Palladiumkohle in Lösung 2-Amino-chinoxalin (7). 3 gibt rein thermolytisch fast quantitativ 7; der Prozeß ist der über Azomethin-nitrene führenden Umwandlung N4-substituierter 1.2.4-Oxadiazolone-(5) in Amidine analog und wurde jetzt erstmals an kondensierten 1.2.4-Oxadiazolen beobachtet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 109 (1976), S. 2420-2429 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Structure and Synthesis of (±)-AnkorineThe attempted synthesis of ankorine with the assumed structure 2 revealed that all four possible stereoisomers 2a-d differ from the natural product. For ankorine the revised structure 1a is proved by synthesis starting from the 3,4-dihydroisoquinoline 3b, which contains a benzyloxy group at C-5. 3b reacts with 3-ethyl-3-buten-2-one to give 6a, the keto group of which is submitted to a Wittig-Horner-reaction and subsequent reduction steps.
    Notes: Die Synthese von 2, der vermuteten Struktur von Ankorin, zeigt, daß alle vier möglichen Stereoisomeren 2a -d vom Naturprodukt abweichen. Durch Synthese wird für Ankorin die revidierte Konstitution 1a bewiesen. Dazu wurde das 3,4-Dihydroisochinolinderivat 3b, in dem in 5-Stellung eine Benzyloxygruppe enthalten ist, mit 3-Äthyl-3-buten-2-on zu 6a umgesetzt, dessen Ketogruppe durch Wittig-Horner-Reaktion und anschließende Reduktionsschritte abgewandelt wurde.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Doak phosphonylation ; Phase-transfer catalysts ; Phosphonic acid, derivatives ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Preparation of Unsubstituted and Chlorine-Carrying [(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]phosphonic Acids by a Modified Doak-Freedman ProcedureThe performance of cuprous chloride and different phase-transfer catalysts using the Doak-Freedman procedure for preparing aromatic phosphonic acids have been compared by measurements of the evolved nitrogen volume in an eudiometer tube. In the investigated cases CuCl could well be exchanged by phase-transfer catalysts. With the new method the already known [3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]phosphonic acid, and the new [2-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]phosphonic acid, [4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]phosphonic acid, as well as [2,4-dichloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]phosphonic acid were prepared. The good solubility of the phase-transfer catalysts in water facilitates the separation of the catalysts from the reaction product, a property not observed for the copper compound. Other phosphonic acids may be prepared as well.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 651-656 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: 4H-3,1-Benzothiazine-2(1H)-thiones ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthese und Stereochemie gesättigter und partiell gesättigter 4-Aryl-4H-3,1-benzothiazin-(1H)-thioneDie Reaktion von 2-Arylidenecyclohexanonen 1 mit Dithiocarbaminsäure ergab drei von den vier möglich Diastereomeren von 4-Aryl-4a,5,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-8a-hydroxy-4H-3,1-benzothiazin-2(1H)-thionen 2-4. Die Isomeren-Zusammensetzung der Reaktionsprodukte ist von der Menge der als Katalysator verwendeten Salzsäure abhängig. 1H-NMR-Spektroskopie zeigt, daß die begünstigte Konformation der cis-anellierten Isomeren 2 und 4 von der sterisch anspruchsvollen 4-Aryl-Gruppe bestimmt wird, die immer die energetisch günstigere quasiäquatoriale Position besetzt. Dehydratisierung von 2-4 führte zu den entsprechenden 4-Aryl-tetrahydro-4H-3,1-benzothiazin -2(1H)-thionen 5 und 6. Die Richtung der Dehydratisierungsreaktionen war abhängig von der Konfiguration der Ausgangsverbindungen 2-4 und den Reaktionsbedingungen.
    Notes: The reaction of 2-arylidenecyclohexanones 1 with dithiocarbamic acid gave three of the four possible diastereomers of 4-aryl-4a,5,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-8a-hydroxy-4H-3,1-benzothiazine-2(1H)-thiones 2-4. The isomeric composition of the reaction products was found to depend on the quantity of hydrochloric acid used as catalyst. 1H-NMR studies showed that the preferred conformation of the cis isomers 2 and 4 is controlled by the bulky 4-aryl group, which always occupies the energetically more favourable quasiequatorial position. Dehydration of 2-4 afforded the corresponding 4-aryl-tetrahydro-4H-3,1-benzothiazine-2(1H)-thiones 5 and 6. The orientation of the dehydration reactions depends on the configuration of the starting compounds 2-4 and the reaction conditions used.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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