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  • 1
    ISSN: 1436-2813
    Keywords: recurrence ; abdominal paraaortic lymph nodes ; gastric cancer ; long-term survivor ; dissection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We herein report the case of a 63-year-old woman who underwent curative surgery consisting of a subtotal gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection for advanced stomach cancer in June 1984, and later underwent systemic dissection of recurrent abdominal paraaortic lymph nodes by a retromesenteric approach in June 1989. Metastatic nodes were found in nos. 16b1 (interaorticocaval), 16b2 (interaorticocaval), and 280 (aortic carinal). One of the resected nodes, which was histologically diagnosed as being poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, measured approximately 10×7 cm and infiltrated the inferior caval vein. There was no distant metastasis except for nodal metastases. Since the reoperation, the patient has been disease-free for 6 years and 4 months, and she continues to visit our hospital as an outpatient. The findings of this case therefore suggest the significance of paraaortic lymph node dissection. To our knowledge, this is the first report in the world of a gastric cancer patient who has remained disease-free for more than 5 years after the systemic dissection of recurrent paraaortic lymph nodes.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1436-2813
    Keywords: esophageal carcinoma ; small cell carcinoma ; cis-diamminedichloroplatinum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A case of esophageal small cell carcinoma successfully treated with combination therapy consisting of both pre- and postoperative chemotherapy as well as surgical resection is presented. A 74-year-old man presented with a small cell carcinoma measuring 11 cm in diameter in the lower half of his thoracic esophagus. After undergoing preoperative chemotherapy with cisplatin (25 mg, iv, days 1 through 5), the gross tumor completely regressed. However, a microscopic focus of residual cancer showing squamous cell carcinoma was found in the resected esophageal specimen. The patient received an additional two courses of postoperative chemotherapy with cisplatin (75 mg, iv monthly). He has since survived more than 9 years with no evidence of recurrent disease. We herein report a rare case of a patient with esophageal small cell carcinoma who demonstrated a complete cure.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1436-2813
    Keywords: esophageal cancer ; preoperative treatment ; esophageal surgery ; bleomycin ; irradiation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The preoperative use of Bleomycin (BLM) alone or combined with irradiation in the treatment of esophageal cancer was evaluated in 58 patients who underwent surgical removal of the lesion for the past three and a half years. Histologic study showed such preoperative treatment is effective in inducing favorable changes in neoplastic cells in 69 per cent (40/58) of the primary lesions and in a significant number of involved lymph nodes of the second or the third groups. The study clearly suggests that preoperative Bleomycin administration combined with irradiation may be an useful adjunct preoperative procedure in esophageal cancer.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1436-2813
    Keywords: gastric cancer cell line ; signet-ring cell carcinoma ; epidermal growth factor ; 5-fluorouracil ; flow cytometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A cell line designated TSG6 was established from a signet-ring cell gastric carcinoma developed in a 57-year-old female patient. The TSG6 cells had well preserved the features of signet-ring cell carcinoma based on morphology. The cells exhibited both epidermal growth factor (EGF) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) immunoreactivities, and also secreted EGF. Moreover, the growth of TSG6 cells was stimulated in the presence of exogenous EGF. These results suggest that the possible presence of an EGF/EGFR autocrine growth mechanism is expressed in the TSG6 cells. The simultaneous treatment with EGF and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) produced a nearly 2.4-fold enhancement of 5-FU cytotoxicity against TSG6 cells. A bromodeoxyuridine/DNA How cytometry analysis revealed that EGF augmented 5-FU cytotoxicity by inducing the accumulation of S phase cells which might be more susceptible to 5-FU. Moreover, we found that the incorporation of 5-FU into the TSG6 cells was increased with the addition of EGF. These data indicate that EGF may be a potent agent as a biological response modifier for 5-FU against the tumors which express the EGF/EGFR autocrine mechanism, and that the TSG6 cell line is useful in furthering our understanding of the interaction between anticancer drugs and EGF.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1436-3305
    Keywords: Key words: neoadjuvant chemotherapy ; advanced gastric cancer ; abdominal para-aortic lymph node metastasis ; survival ; response rate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) has recently received increasing attention in an attempt to increase the rate of complete tumor resections, reduce systemic metastases, and prolong survival in patients with advanced gastric cancer. Methods. Since 1993, 21 patients with unresectable or non-curative resectable gastric cancer received NAC, consisting of 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, and cisplatin (FLP) with at least two cycles before surgery. Results. All except 2 patients underwent surgical treatment, and resection was performed in 18 (85.7%). There were no deaths and no major morbidity following operation. There was no complete response (CR), but 12 patients (57.1%) had a partial response (PR), the response rate was 47.6% for the primary region, 64.7% for abdominal para-aortic (No.16) lymph node metastasis, 40.0% for liver metastasis, and 11.1% for peritoneal dissemination. One-year survival of the 21 patients was 40.5%, and median survival time (MST) was 322 days. MST in the responders was 571 days, and that in non-responders was 199 days (P 〈 0.01). MST was 835 days in patients who underwent curative resection and 310 days in those who underwent non-curative surgery (P 〈 0.01). There was no grade 4 toxicity, but grade 3 leukopenia occurred in 4 patients (19.0%), grade 3 anemia occurred in 3 patients (14.3%), and grade 3 stomatitis in 2 patients (9.5%). There were no serious renal disorders and no treatment-related death. Conclusions. The combination of FLP for NAC was feasible and useful for tumor reduction, especially for No.16 lymph node metastasis. There was a survival benefit in patients whose tumor had PR or who had had curative resection. We should confirm the effect and survival benefit of FLP for NAC by a prospectively randomized clinical controlled study.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Pour déterminer une attitude thérapeutique rationnelle pour le traitement chirurgical du cancer superficiel de l'oesophage, on a étudié l'extension tumorale chez 89 patients. Trente et un patients avaient une tumeur limitée à la muqueuse, alors que 58 avaient une tumeur s'étendant à la sous-muqueuse. Aucun patient n'avait de métastase lymphatique lorsque la tumeur était limitée à la muqueuse alors qu'un ou plusieurs ganglions étaient envahis chez 41.4% des patients ayant une tumeur de la sous-muqueuse. Qui plus est, 14 patients avaient une métastase au niveau des ganglions cervicaux et/ou abdominaux (58.3% des patients ayant une métastase). La survie à 5 ans était 100% sans aucune récidive après esophagectomie lorsque la tumeur était limitée à la muqueuse alors que la survie à 5 ans n'était que de 64.3% (p〈0.01) lorsqu'il s'agissait d'une tumeur étendue à la sous-muqueuse. En se basant sur les différences de comportement tumoral des cancers superficiels de l'esophage, soit limité à la muqueuse soit étendus à la sous-muqueuse, nous concluons que les premiers peuvent être traités par pratiquement n'importe quel type de résection alors que les seconds nécessitent une esophagectomie subtotale associée à un curage lymphatique élargj aux ganglions cervicaux et abdominaux.
    Abstract: Resumen Con el propósito de formular un enfoque racional para el tratamiento quirúrgico de pacientes con cáncer superficial del esófago (CSE), se hizo el estudio clinicopatológico de la extensión tumoral en 89 pacientes con este tipo de neoplasma; se analizaron 31 tumores mucosos y 58 submucosos. No se encontraton metástasis ganglionares en ninguno de los casos de tumor mucoso, en tanto que se hallaron uno o más ganglios positivos para cáncer en 41.4% de los casos de tumor submucoso; además, el cancer hizo metastasis extramediastinales, incluso a ganglíos cervicales y abdominales, en 14 pacientes, lo cual corresponde a 58.3% de los pacientes con metástasis ganglíonales. La tasa de sobrevida a 5 años fue 100%, y no se registraron recunrrecias después de la esofagectomía en los pacientes con tumores mucosos, en tanto que la sobrevida a 5 años de los tumores submucosos fue del 64.3% (p〈0.01). Con fundamento en el diferente comportamiento biológico de los cánceres mucosos y submucosos del esófago, se puede concluir que los tumores mucosos pueden ser adecuadamente tratados mediante cualquier tipo de resección local, pero que los tumores submucosos requieren esofagectomia subtotal con linfadenectomía sistémica que incluya los ganglíos cervicales, mediastinales y adbominales.
    Notes: Abstract To formulate a rational approach for the surgical treatment of patients with superficial esophageal cancer (SEC), tumor spread was clinicopathologically studied in 89 patients with SEC. There were 31 mucosal and 58 submucosal tumors. Lymph node metastases were not found in any of those with a mucosal tumor, while one or more lymph nodes were positive for cancer in 41.4% of those with a submucosal tumor. Furthermore, cancer metastasized to extramediastinal nodes, including cervical and abdominal nodes, in 14 patients, accounting for 58.3% of those with nodal metastasis. The 5-year survival rate was 100% and there were no recurrences after esophagectomy in those with a mucosal tumor, whereas the survival rate of those with a submucosal tumor was 64.3% at 5 years (p〈0.01). Based on the different biological behavior of mucosal and submucosal esophageal cancer, we conclude that mucosal tumors may be adequately treated by any type of local resection but submucosal tumors require a subtotal esophagectomy with systematic lymphadenectomy involving the cervical, mediastinal, and abdominal nodes for cure.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Dans le but d'apprécier les améliorations récentes de la chirurgie du cancer gastrique une analyse comparative a été faite entre une série déjà rapportée de 530 résections curatives réalisées pendant 10 ans de 1961 à 1970 (groupe A) et une série plus récente de 481 résections curatives réalisées également pendant 10 ans de 1971 à 1980 (groupe B). Au cours de cette dernière période la résection curative a représenté 74.7% des résections gastriques pour cancer de l'estomac (481/644) le taux de survie à 5 ans étant de 65.9% (294/446). Au total 15,512 ganglions lymphatiques ont été enlevés dans le groupe B soit une moyenne de 32.6 par cas (30 par spécimen dans un groupe A et 37.9 par spécimen dans un groupe C comprenant des cas opérés de 1981 à 1985); leur examen histologique ayant mis en évidence des métastases à leur niveau dans 11.0% des cas. Chez les 247 malades porteurs d'un cancer gastrique avancé transmural, le taux des métastases ganglionnaires atteignait 80.6%. Le taux de survie à 5 ans en l'absence d'envahissement ganglionnaire a été de 71.4%, donc supérieur à celui de 63.5% du groupe A. Lorsque des métastases ganglionnaires furent découvertes le taux de survie à 5 ans fut seulement de 40.6% significativement supérieur au taux de survie de 29.9% des opérés du groupe A. Le taux de survivants à 5 ans des malades porteurs de métastases ganglionnaires du groupe B représenta 72.2% de tous les survivants à 5 ans étant de ce fait significativement supérieur (p〈0.05) à celui de 58.5% du groupe A. Le taux de mortalité fut de 1% (5/481) pour le groupe B et de 1.1% (3/274) pour le groupe C. L'étude bien documentée conduite par les auteurs souligne l'importance de la lymphadénectomie dans la chirurgie curative du cancer gastrique. En effet les résultats démontrènt à l'évidence que cette chirurgie radicale est sûre et n'entraîne pas une augmentation du taux de la mortalité.
    Abstract: Resumen Con el propósito de evaluar los adelantos recientes en cirugía del cáncer gástrico, se realizó un análisis comparativo entre nuestra serie previamente reportada de 530 casos de resecciones curativas realizadas en el decenio de 1961 a 1970 (grupo A) y la presente serie de 481 resecciones curativas realizadas en el decenio siguiente, entre 1971 y 1980 (grupo B). Además, también se analizaron los pacientes del período 1981 a 1985 (grupo C). En el segundo período, las resecciones curativas representaron el 74.4% de todas las resecciones (481/644) por cáncer gástrico, y la tasa de supervivencia a 5 anos fue 65.9% (294/446). En el grupo B, se resecó un total de 15,512 ganglios linfáticos regionales, lo cual representa un promedio de 32.6 ganglios por especimen (30 por especimen en el grupo A y 37.9 en el grupo C); estos ganglios fueron examinados histológicamente para determinar la presencia de metastasis, y 11% fueron hallados positivos. Entre 247 pacientes con cancer transmural avanzado, 80.6% presentaban metástasis ganglionares. Los pacientes con ganglios negativos exhibieron una tasa de supervivencia a 5 años de 71.4%, algo más elevada que la del grupo A, de 63.5%, en tanto que aquellos con ganglios positivos exhibieron una tasa de 40.6%, significativamente mayor (p〈 0.05) que la del grupo A, de 29.9%. Los sobrevivientes a 5 años con ganglios positivos en el grupo B representan el 72.2% de todos los sobrevivientes a 5 años, lo cual también es significativamente mayor (p〈0.05) que el 58.5% observado en el grupo A. La tasa de mortalidad quirúrgica fue de 1.0% (5/481) en los pacientes del grupo B y de 1.1 (3/274) en los del grupo C. En el estudio actual se documentó bien la significaión de la linfadenectomía en la cirugía curativa del cáncer gástrico y los resultados indican que la resección gástrica curativa con linfadenectomía extensa puede ser realizada en forma segura sin que se aumente, y tal vez disminuyendo, la mortalidad quirúrgica.
    Notes: Abstract For the purpose of evaluating recent improvements in gastric cancer surgery, a comparative analysis was made between our previously reported series of 530 curative resection cases in a 10-year period from 1961 to 1970 (group A) and the present series of 481 curative resection cases in the following 10-year period from 1971 to 1980 (group B). During the latter period, curative resections made up 74.7% of all resections (481/644) for gastric cancer, and the 5-year survival rate was 65.9% (294/446). In group B, a total of 15,512 regional lymph nodes, an average of 32.6 per specimen (30 per specimen in group A and 37.9 per specimen in group C, the last 5 years from 1981 to 1985), were removed at surgery, examined histologically for metastases, and 11.0% were found to be positive. Of 247 patients with advanced, transmural cancers, 80.6% had lymph node metastases. Those with negative nodes showed a 5-year survival rate of 71.4%, higher than the rate of 63.5% in group A, while those with positive nodes had a 5-year survival rate of 40.6%, significantly higher (p〈0.05) than the 29.9% rate found in group A. The 5-year survivors with positive nodes in group B made up 72.2% of all 5-year survivors, this also being significantly higher (p〈0.05) than the 58.5% noted in group A. The surgical death rate was 1.0% (5/481) of patients in group B and 1.1% (3/274) in group C. In the present study, the significance of lymphadenectomy in curative gastric cancer surgery was well documented and the results indicated that curative gastric resection with extensive lymphadenectomy can be safely performed without increasing, but perhaps decreasing, surgical mortality.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les effets del'administration pré-opératoire de l'association bléomycine (BLM) et radiothérapie ont été étudiés par les auteurs. Sur 206 malades atteints de cancer de l'oesophage dont la tumeur a été réséquée et étudiée histologiquement, 109 ont été traités en pré-opératoire par cette association. Les résultats ont été comparés avec ceux des malades qui ont été traités seulement par la radiothérapie ou par la bléomycine ou qui n'ont pas subi de traitement pré-opératoire. Par comparaison l'association BLM-radiothérapie a donné de meilleurs résultats que la radiothérapie isolée. L'efficacité sur les cellules néoplasiques et sur les adénopathies associées s'est traduite par un meilleur pronostic: 32,2 pour cent de survie à 5 ans dans le premier groupe et seulement 16,3 pour cent dans le second groupe (avec une moyenne globale de 26,2 pout cent) La dose nécessaire de bléomycine s'élève à 75mg (7.5mg par jour pendant 10 jours) et celle des rayons à 3 000 rads (200 rads pendant 15 jours). Le traitement pré-opératoire s'étend sur 3 semaines cependant que l'opération est entreprise de une à trois semaines après son arrêt. La BLM peut être remplacé par d'autres agents thérapeutiques actifs sur les cancers de type malphighien.
    Abstract: Abstracto Se acometió la evaluación de la terapia preoperatoria combinada con Bleomicina (BLM) y radioterapia para carcinoma esofágico. De 206 pacientes con carcinomas esofágicos resecados y examinados histológicamente, 109 fueron tratados con BLM e irradiación (grupo BR) y comparados con otros grupos: el grupo R, fué tratado con irradiación sólamente, el grupo B con BLM sólamente y el grupo N no recibió tratamiento preoperatorio. La terapia combinada de BLM e irradiación en comparación, particularmente con la radioterapia simple, fué considerada como de mejor efectividad histológica sobre las células carcinomatosas, especialmente en los ganglios linfáticos remotos, y de mejores resultados pronósticos representados por las tasas de supervivencia a 5 años: 32.2% para el grupo tratado con la primera forma de terapia y 16.3% para el grupo tratado con la ultima (promedid, 26.2%). La dosis ideal total de BLM puede ser 75 mg (intramuscular, 7.5 mg por 10 días) y la irradiación 3.000 rads (200 rads × 15 días), en ambos casos en 3 semanas, y la operación puede ser realizada una a dos semanas después de completado este tratamiento. La BLM puede ser reemplazada por otros agentes quimioterapéuticos que se crea son efectivos en carcinoma escamocelular.
    Notes: Abstract Evaluation of the preoperative combined bleomycin (BLM) and radiation therapy for esophageal carcinoma was undertaken. Of 206 patients with esophageal carcinomas resected and histologically examined, 109 were treated with BLM and radiation (BR group) and compared with the other groups consisting of group R which was treated with radiation alone, group B with BLM alone, and group N with no preoperative treatment. The combined BLM and radiation therapy in comparison particularly with simple radiation therapy was considered to have better histological effectiveness on carcinoma cells, particularly in remote lymph nodes, and better prognostic results represented by the 5-year survival rates: 32.2% for the group treated with the former therapy and 16.3% for the group with the latter (average, 26.2%). The ideal total dosage of BLM may be 75 mg (intramuscular, 7.5 mg × 10 days) and that of radiation 3,000 rads (200 rads × 15 days), both in 3 weeks, and the operation may be performed 1 or 2 weeks after completion of this treatment. BLM may be replaced by other chemotherapeutic agents that are believed effective in squamous cell carcinomaf.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: small cell carcinoma ; esophageal neoplasm ; ectopic hormone production ; gastrin ; neuroendocrine tumor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A case of primary small cell carcinoma of the esophagus in which extensive hormonal studies could be performed is reported. The tumor was considered as a neuroendocrine tumor because the tumor cells showed intracytoplasmic argyrophilia, neurosecretory granules, and positive stain for neuron-specific enolase with Grimelius stain, electron microscopy, and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Furthermore, the tumor was regarded as a gastrin-producing tumor because of positive stain for gastrin in the tumor cells. The present case is the esophagus with ectopic gastrin production.
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