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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MRI of cerebellopontine angle choroid plexus papilloma (1996)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 38 (1996), S. 38-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Cerebellopontine angle ; Choroid plexus papilloma ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We present a cerebellopontine angle choroid plexus papilloma that originated from the tuft of choroid plexus of the fourth ventricle protruding from the foramen of Luschka. MRI and CT did not establish the diagnosis, but the tumor was shown histopathologically to be a choroid plexus papilloma. Distinct features of the tumor on MRI are described and the differential diagnosis of other cerebellopontine angle tumors is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00593214
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MRI of cerebellopontine angle choroid plexus papilloma (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 38 (1995), S. 38-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Cerebellopontine ; angle ; Choroid plexus papilloma ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We present a cerebellopontine angle choroid plexus papilloma that originated from the tuft of choroid plexus of the fourth ventricle protruding from the foramen of Luschka. MRI and CT did not establish the diagnosis, but the tumor was shown histopathologically to be a choroid plexus papilloma. Distinct features of the tumor on MRI are described and the differential diagnosis of other cerebellopontine angle tumors is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00593214
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trilateral Retinoblastoma (1999)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 141 (1999), S. 893-894 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007010050393
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of superoxide dismutase on acute reperfusion injury of the rabbit brain (1993)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 120 (1993), S. 180-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Blood-brain barrier (BBB) ; cerebral ischemia ; free radicals ; superoxide dismutase (SOD)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To study the involvement of free oxygen radicals of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption during early reperfusion, we isolated the distal internal carotid artery, and the middle and anterior cerebral arteries via the transorbital approach in anesthetized rabbits. Using radiolabeled microspheres, regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured before, during and after 1-hour unilateral occlusion of these vessels. Fifty-five minutes after ischemia, animals received intravenous saline placebo (control), superoxide dismutase (SOD) at 8mg/kg=30000 U/kg, or weakened superoxide dismutase (wSOD) at 8mg/kg=30000 U/kg. Integrity of the BBB was assessed by leakage of Evan's Bluealbumin dye (EB-albumin dye), which was given at 15 minutes of reperfusion and allowed to circulate for an additional hour. In the control and wSOD-treated groups, rCBF decreased (26% and 40% of control, respectively) within the blue-tinted tissue of the occluded hemisphere during ischemia; hyperemia was observed during early reperfusion. In the control and wSOD-treated groups, EB-albumin dye leakage across the BBB increased 49% within the occluded hemisphere. However, within the SOD-treated group, the BBB showed minimal dye leakage even though rCBF of the occluded hemisphere (so-called blue-tinted tissue) decreased by 38% during ischemia. We conclude that 1-hour focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion produce a vascular endothelial injury at the BBB. Since SOD administration showed significant protection, free-oxygen-radical production during early reperfusion is associated with break-down of the BBB to large molecules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02112039
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Primary spinal column sarcomas (1996)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 138 (1996), S. 1261-1266 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Children ; Ewing's sarcoma ; mesenchymal chondrosarcoma ; osteosarcoma ; chemotheapy ; spinal fusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Five cases of primary spinal column sarcomas are presented. Sarcomas primarily originating from paravertebral soft tissues were excluded. Patients' age ranged from 1 to 14 years (mean 8.4 years). The male: female ratio was 2∶3. Two patients had Ewing's sarcoma (ES) originating from L5-S1 and L4-5 pedicles, respectively; two patients had mesenchymal chondrosarcoma (MCS) originating from L1-2 pedicles and L5 body, respectively; and one patient had osteogenic sarcoma (OS) of C4 body. All patients clinically presented with pain and progressive weakness of the extremities. The time that elapsed between the onset of symptoms and diagnoses ranged from one to five months. All cases were treated with chemotherapy, radiotherapy and subtotal tumour resection with spinal canal decompression. Two cases received posterior spinal fusion operations. Three patients were alive 10 to 98 months following diagnosis. Only the case with ES of L5-S1 pedicles was in complete remission and off therapy at the 98th postoperative month. The two MCS cases were in partial remission, and were receiving chemoterapy at the time of analysis. These tumours caused similar clinical findings and prognoses, and required combined treatment, which consisted of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy; histologically three different types of malignant tumours are presented in the same category. We preferred surgical decompression and stabilization procedures especially for neurologically symptomatic patients, even if they had extensive tumours with high grades. By spinal canal decompression and stabilisation, we did not intend to cure the disease; however, we intended to provide neurological improvement, spinal stabilisation, improved quality of life, early mobilisation of the patient, and cytoreduction by means of surgical tumour ablation, which could render the chemotherapy more effective.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01411053
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mild hypothermia fails to protect late hippocampal neuronal loss following forebrain cerebral ischaemia in rats (1996)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 138 (1996), S. 570-579 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Long-Evans ; Wistar ; cerebral ischaemia ; hippocampus ; hypothermia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Anaesthetized male rats (n=86) from both Long-Evans strain (LES) (n=43) and Wistar strain (WS) (n=43) were utilized for the experiments. While three animals from each strain were used as control, 40 rats from each strain underwent up to 10 minutes forebrain ischaemia by bilateral common carotid artery (CCA) occlusion combined with systemic hypotension [Mean Arterial Blood Pressure (MABP)=50 mm/Hg]. The animals from each strain were divided into four (n=10) groups. In both strains, groups (n=10) 1 and 2, temporalis muscle (TM) and body temperatures of the animals were kept at 36–37 °C during the experiments. The groups 1 and 2 were killed in 3 and 7 days after the ischaemic insult, respectively. The groups 3 and 4 were also killed 3 and 7 days after the ischaemic insult, but the forebrain ischaemia was carried out under mild cerebral hypothermia (TM temperature = 33 °C). Pyramidal neurons of the hippocampal CA1 region from each group was evaluated semiquantitatively. In WS, groups 1 and 2 showed moderate and severe neuronal loss in the CA1 region, respectively. However, in LES while the group 1 (3 days survival) did not show any neuronal loss, group 2 showed moderate neuronal loss of the CA1 region. While in group 3 (3 days survival, hypothermia) WS and LES, hypothermia protected the CA1 region, group 4 of LES showed mild neuronal loss. However WS, group 4 (7 days survival, hypothermia) showed severe neuronal loss of the CA1 region. It was concluded that mild hypothermia during ischaemic insults did not prevent the delayed postischaemic neuronal damage of the hippocampal CA1 region of both strains, and following 10 minutes forebrain ischaemia, male LES rats were found more resistant than male WS rats to neuronal loss of the CA1 region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01411178
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of antioxidants on the blood-brain barrier and postischemic hyperemia (1994)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 131 (1994), S. 302-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Antioxidants ; blood-brain barrier ; cerebral ischemia ; free radicals ; hyperemia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The role of free oxygen radicals in blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and postischemic hyperemia was evaluated in the rabbit model of focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. Six groups of rabbits underwent clipping of the anterior cerebral, middle cerebral, and intracranial internal carotid arteries. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured by using radiolabeled microspheres, before, during, and 15 minutes after 1-hour occlusion of these arteries. After 50 minutes of ischemia, Group 1 animals (control) received a placebo. Animals in Groups 2–4 received one of three drugs: catalase at 10 mg/kg, methimazole at 5 mg/kg, or indomethacin at 10 mg/kg. A fifth group received a tungsten-supplemented diet for 14 days before ischemia was induced, and a sixth group was sham operated. Microvascular integrity within the brain was determined by the presence or absence of Evan's Blue (EB)-albumin dye leakage across the BBB and was measured by microspectrofluorometry. In the control group during ischemia, CBF dropped to 14%, 7%, and 11% of preischemic levels in rostral, middle, and caudal sections of the brain, respectively, as characterized by extensive EB-albumin dye leakage through the BBB into the ischemic hemisphere. During early reperfusion, postischemic hyperemia was associated with an increase in CBF of 128%, 123%, and 129% of control in the rostral, middle, and caudal sections of the brain, respectively. In all treated groups and in the group receiving a tungsten-supplemented diet, BBB integrity was protected during reperfusion without inhibition of postischemic hyperemia. This study suggests that early disruption of the BBB to large molecules is mediated by free oxygen radicals, which inhibit rather than cause postischemic hyperemia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01808631
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cerebral metastases in childhood malignancies (1997)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 139 (1997), S. 182-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Between January 1982 to June 1994, 154 children with non-CNS malignant tumours excluding leukaemias and lymphomas were admitted and treated at the UKMC. Symptomatic (10 cases; 6.5%) and non-symptomatic (2 cases; 1.2%) cranial metastases (calvarial, durai and/or parenchymal) were seen in 12 (7.8%) cases. Among these 12 cases, 7 had intracranial parenchymal metastases (4.5%). Three cases had multiple intracranial parenchymal metastases. Only one case had infratentorial (cerebellar) metastasis. The patients' ages ranged from 1 to 18 years (mean age was 7.3 years). The male ∶ female ratio was 5∶2. While six patients' brain metastases diagnosed during subsequent relapses, one patient first presented with brain metastasis. Time elapsed between the diagnosis of the primary disease and intracranial metastasis ranged from 0 to 755 days (mean 327 days). Histopathological diagnoses were confirmed in 4 cases who had craniotomy and tumour removal. Mean survival following the diagnosis of intracranial lesion was 157 days (ranged from 0 to 412 days). Despite the aggressive treatment, including surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, 6 cases died with progression or relapse of the intracranial disease. In conclusion, the incidence of paediatric intracranial parenchymal metastasis is 4.5%. Prognosis is poor and intracranial disease is the primary cause of death.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01844748
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neurological Complications of Childhood Malignancies (1999)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 141 (1999), S. 1313-1321 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Keywords: Children; malignant tumor; brain metastasis; neuropathy; seizures.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary ¶ Between Jan 1982 to Jun 1994, 154 children with malignant non-central nervous system tumors, excluding leukemias and lymphomas, were admitted and treated at the UKMC. Fifty-one (33%) of these cases suffered with 64 neurological complications during the course of their diseases. Nine cases suffered with multiple neurological complications. Nervous system metastasis was the most common neurological complication (n=24; 15.6%), which was followed by nervous system infection (n=17; 11%). Twelve (7.7%) cases had treatment related peripheral or cranial neuropathies. Seven (4.5%) cases had new onset of grand-mall seizures. One case had paraneoplastic syndrome, one case had panhypopituitarism secondary to whole brain radiation, and one case had Horner's syndrome secondary to tumor removal. Ten cases suffered with neurological sequelae secondary to neurological complications. Three of these cases suffered with developmental delay and mental retardation. Fifty-one patients with neurological complications were followed for 9 to 102 months. While 30 (19.7%) patients were alive, 20 (13%) patients died and one case was lost during the analysis of the results. Neuroblastoma/ganglioneuroblastoma has the highest rate for causing neurological complication.  In conclusion: neurological complications were seen on 33% of childhood solid malignant tumors. Nervous system metastasis had the worst prognosis and the most frequent neurological complication. Neurological complications did not increase the mortality rate, but one-third of surviving patients with neurological complications suffered with neurological sequelae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007010050436
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CT appearance of an unusual type of comminuted fracture/dislocation of C1 and C2 (1994)
    Springer
    Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery 113 (1994), S. 113-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-3916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract An unusual type of traumatic comminuted fracture/dislocation of C1 and C2 is presented. The fracture differs significantly from previously described types of C1-2 complex fracture. Anatomically contoured titanium loops were used for stabilization of the occipitocervical junction. To the best of the author's knowledge this is the first description of comminuted fracture/dislocation of the bodies and laminae of C1 and C2 in the English literature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00572918
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