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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Steroid Biochemistry 19 (1983), S. 21 
    ISSN: 0022-4731
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0731-7085
    Keywords: GC-MS. ; Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid ; therapeutic drug monitoring
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 84 (1979), S. 37-46 
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Sperm stains, amino acid content ; Sperm identification ; Spurenuntersuchung, Sperma ; Sperma, Nachweis in Flecken
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Um Flecken als Sperma zu identifizieren, wurde Samenflüssigkeit biochemisch untersucht. Es wurde die qualitative und quantitative Verteilung der Aminosäuren in Proben von frischem Sperma analysiert. Diese Ergebnisse wurden mit denen ähnlicher Studien an frischen Proben und Flecken von Harn, Speichel, Scheidensekret und Schweiß verglichen. Die erhaltenen Ergebnisse zeigen eine spezifische und relativ konstante Menge von Aminosäuren in jeder dieser biologischen Flüssigkeiten. Es gibt keine bedeutenden Unterschiede in den Untersuchungsergebnissen von frischen Proben und Flecken.
    Notes: Summary Seminal fluid was studied biochemically for sperm identification in stains. The qualitative and quantitative distribution of amino acids in samples of fresh sperm has been analyzed. These findings were compared to the results of a similar study of fresh samples and stains of urine, saliva, vaginal fluor, and sweat. The results obtained show a specific and relatively constant level of amino acids in each of five biological liquids. There was no significant variation in results between fresh samples and stains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 113 (1999), S. 50-54 
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Key words Proficiency testing ; Quality control ; Analytical toxicology ; Psychoactive substances
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Notes: Abstract This paper describes the general design and main results of the Italian proficiency testing program for the analysis of psychoactive substances in urine, a long-term initiative created in 1995 on an educational basis and characterized by an innovative internet-based service for data exchange between laboratories and the organizing body. Batches of six urine samples, validated by reference laboratories, are sent every 3 months to participating laboratories, which may choose which classes of substances to test from those planned by the program panel and, within those classes, which type of analytical commitment to work on: identification of just one class (Option 1), identification of single substances (Option 2), or identification and quantification of single substances (Option 3). Comprehensive periodical reports and annual reports are provided to participants with evaluation of their performance and an annual workshop is organized to discuss technical-scientific topics related to clinical, forensic and analytical toxicology. About 200 laboratories currently participate in the program and a total of 67,059 analyses have been carried out since 1995. The mean percentage of correct results was 96.8%, with a yearly improvement of about 0.4%. The best average false positive and false negative rates were obtained for methadone (0.2% and 2.1% respectively) and cocaine (0.3% and 2.2%). The worst average false positive rates were obtained for amphetamines and opiates (3.2% and 5.0%) and worst average false negative rates for amphetamines, barbiturates and cannabinoids (17.4%, 30.7% and 19.9%).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 105 (1993), S. 265-269 
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Amphetamines ; Reversed-phase liquid chromatography ; UV detection ; Amphetamine ; Reversed-phase-Flüssigkeitschromatographie ; UV-Detektion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Eine HPLC-UV-Methode zur gleichzeitigen Bestimmung von Amphetamin, Methamphetamin, 3,4-Methylendioxyamphetamin (MDA) und 3,4-Methylendioxymethamphetamin (MDMA) im Urin wird beschrieben. Vorgestellt wird eine Schnellextraktion der 4 Amphetamine über Extrelut-3-Säulen und eine Derivatisierung mit Natrium-1,2-naphthochinon-4-sulfonat (NQS) um hochchromophore UV-VIS-Derivate zu erhalten. Abschließend erfolgt eine HPLC-Analyse mittels einer reversed phase Technik (Ionenpaar) mit Detektion des Eluats bei 480 nm. Die Struktur der NQS-Derivate wird durch Massenspektrometrie charakterisiert. Die Wiederfindungsraten der Amphetamine liegen bei Konzentrationen von 300 ng/ml bei 80–85%. Die Nachweisgrenze liegt für alle Derivate bei 40–60 ng/ml (S/N-Verhältnis = 10). Die Trennung der NQS-derivatisierten Amphetamine gelingt gut, die Methode ist einfach, schnell, empfindlich und spezifisch genug für die Bestätigung vorläufiger Screening-Resultate, wie sie mit Hilfe von Immunoassays erhalten werden.
    Notes: Summary An HPLC-UV method for the simultaneous identification of amphetamine, methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in urine is described. It includes a rapid extraction procedure of the 4 analogs from urine using Extrelut 3 columns, derivatization with sodium 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulphonate (NQS) to obtain highly chromophoric UV-VIS derivatives, and a final HPLC analysis using an ion-pair reversed-phase technique with eluent monitoring at 480 nm. Structural characterization of the derivatives obtained by mass spectrometry is reported. Recoveries of the amphetamines were in the range 80–85% at concentrations of 300 ng/ml. Practical detection limits were 40–60 ng/ml (S/N ratio = 10) for all derivatives. The chromatographic peaks of the NQS derivatized amphetamines are fairly narrow and well resolved. The method is simple, rapid, quite sensitive, and specific for convenient confirmation of preliminary positive results obtained with immunoassays.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 106 (1994), S. 271-273 
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Fentanyl ; Cocaine ; Psychosis ; Fatal fall ; Fentanyl ; Kokain ; Psychose ; Tödlicher Sturz
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Dieses ist der erste Bericht über eine tödliche Intoxikation durch Fentanyl und Kokain außerhalb der USA. Der Bericht betrifft einen Fall, der durch eine toxische Psychose verursacht wurde. Die Umstände, die klinischen Daten, das anatomisch-pathologische und toxikologische Gesamtmuster werden interpretiert.
    Notes: Summary This is the first report of fatal intoxication by fentanyl and cocaine outside the USA. The case involved a fall caused by toxic psychosis. The circumstantial, clinical, anatomical, histopathological and toxicological framework is interpreted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid ; pharmacokinetics ; dose-proportionality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) is effective in treatment of the alcohol and opiate withdrawal syndromes. Its absorption and disposition kinetics have been studied in 8 healthy male volunteers following oral administration of single doses of 12.5, 25 and 50 mg kg−1. The AUC increased disproportionately with the dose and so the apparent oral clearance decreased significantly as the dose was increased, whereas the terminal half-life and mean residence time increased. The peak plasma concentrations normalised to the lowest dose fell significantly with increasing doses, whilst the corresponding peak times increased. These findings suggest that both the oral absorption and the elimination of GHB are capacity-limited processes. GHB did not bind to significant extent to plasma proteins over the therapeutic concentration range. The pharmacokinetic parameters in healthy volunteers were not significantly different from those previously observed in alcohol-dependent patients with compensated alcoholic liver disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 37 (1977), S. 107-112 
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Barbiturates ; Blood ; Drug monitoring ; Gas-chromatography ; Hydantoins ; Suicidal agents ; Urine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Eine sensible Methode zur gaschromatographischen Identifizierung von Barbituraten und Körperflüssigkeiten. Die Verfasser berichten über eine gaschromatographische Methode, die eine rasche Identifizierung von Barbituraten und Antiepileptica in Körperflüssigkeiten erlaubt. Zur Extraktion wird die Kupferberger Methode verwendet. Die Identifizierung erfolgt auf zwei verschiedenen Säulen: 10% Dexil 300 GC in Chromosorb W-HP und 3% OV 17 in Chromosorb G AW-DMCS (80–100 mesh). Man kann eine erhebliche und interessante Reduktion der Barbituratabsorption auf den Säulen erzielen, indem man im voraus mit Tetraäthylorthosilicat konditioniert. Es ist so möglich, direkt das Vorhandensein sowohl von Phenobarbital als auch von Cyclobarbital bis zu 1 μg/ml festzustellen. Zur gleichzeitigen Feststellung von therapeutischen Mengen von Phenobarbital und Hydantoin werden Methylderivate verwendet: Blutkonzentrationen von 0,1 μg/ml sind leicht zu identifizieren.
    Notes: Abstract The Authors present a gas-chromatographic method which allows for the rapid identification and assay of barbiturates and antiepileptics in body fluids. The Kupferberger procedure for extraction is used. The identification is obtained on two different columns: 10% Dexil 300 GC on Chromosorb W-HP and 3% OV 17 on Chromosorb G AW-DMCS (80–100 mesh). A considerable and interesting reduction of the barbiturates adsorption in the columns is obtained by preliminary conditioning with tetraethylorthosilicate. In this way, phenobarbital and cyclobarbital may also be assayed up to 1 μg/ml in blood. For the simultaneous assay of therapeutic levels of phenobarbital and hydantoins methylderivates are better employed: blood concentrations as low as 0.1 μ/ml are easily detected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid; pharmacokinetics ; liver dysfunction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objectives: To assess the effect of moderate or severe liver dysfunction on the pharmacokinetics of γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB). Methods: The absorption and disposition kinetics of GHB were studied in eight cirrhotic patients without ascites (Child’s class A) and eight cirrhotic patients with ascites (Child’s class C), after administration of a single oral dose of 25 mg⋅kg−1. The liver metabolic function of each patient was evaluated by measuring antipyrine clearance and the formation rate of the lidocaine metabolite monoethylglycinexylidide (MEGX). Results: Compared to those previously determined in eight healthy control subjects given the same GHB dose, mean AUC values were double or greater in the cirrhotic patients. Accordingly, apparent oral clearance was markedly reduced (from 9.1 to 4.5 and 4.1 ml⋅min−1⋅kg−1 in nonascitic and ascitic patients, respectively). Terminal half-life (t1/2), was significantly longer in nonascitic patients than in control subjects (32 vs 22 min). A further significant prolongation of t1/2, most likely due to an increased distribution volume, was observed in patients with ascites (56 min). Nonetheless, GHB plasma concentrations fell to either undetectable or negligible levels by the end of the usual dosing intervals (6–8 h). More limited changes were noted in the absorption parameters. The peak level (Cmax) increased only in nonascitic patients, but not proportionally to the increase in AUC. The time to Cmax increased from 30 to 45 min in both cirrhotic groups. These findings are consistent with a slowed rate of GHB absorption in cirrhotic patients. Adverse effects were similar, for intensity and duration, to those recorded in healthy volunteers, i.e., mild and transient. Conclusions: Although liver cirrhosis causes significant modifications of GHB disposition kinetics, the increase in t1/2 is not such as to cause drug accumulation on repetitive dosing. However, in consideration of the higher mean plasma levels observed in cirrhotic patients, it appears wise to keep the initial GHB daily dose at the lower end of the therapeutic range and to carefully monitor the patients if upward dose adjustments are required.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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