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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Methanesulfonic and trichloroacetic acids. Densities of aqueous solutions at 20.deg., 25.deg., and 35.deg. (1975)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of chemical & engineering data 20 (1975), S. 432-434 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5134
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/je60067a008
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The prediction of water activity of some supersaturated non-electrolyte aqueous binary solutions from ternary data (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of food science & technology 16 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2621
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Binary data are required for prediction of the water activities of multicomponent aqueous solutions by various methods. At high concentrations, these methods would need binary data beyond the solubility limits of individual solutes. Such supersaturated data are usually lacking or very difficult to determine experimentally. The Zdanovskii–Stokes–Robinson equation, which has been shown to be a reliable and accurate method for predicting the water activity of complex solutions, may be applied in reverse to calculate the water activities of supersaturated binary solutions from ternary data. Hitherto unpublished supersaturated binary aw data of mannitol, sucrose and urea obtained using this method as well as polynomials for their prediction are presented in this paper.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1981.tb01857.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparative study of methods for prediction of water activity of multicomponent aqueous solutions (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of food science & technology 16 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2621
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Three methods of predicting the water activity of ternary and quaternary aqueous electrolyte and non-electrolyte solutions, with possible application to intermediate moisture foods, have been critically examined and their predictive accuracies compared. In general, the Ross equation was found to display poorer predictive accuracy when compared with the other two methods. The Zdanovskii–Stokes–Robinson and the Ferro Fontán–Benmergui–Chirife equations generally gave predictive water activity values in good agreement with measured values, but no consistent advantage of one over the other was observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1981.tb01832.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Composition and molecular weights of butyrylcholinesterase from horse serum
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 176 (1976), S. 71-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-9861
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-9861(76)90142-9
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mounting of crystals for macromolecular crystallography in a free-standing thin film (1990)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 23 (1990), S. 387-391 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A method for mounting single crystals in macromolecular crystallographic studies is described in which the crystal is suspended in a thin film. The film is formed from a mixture of the crystallization buffer and a hydrophilic viscous material, confined within a thin-wire loop by surface tension. Compared with conventional crystal mounting methods, this method greatly simplifies and speeds the mounting procedure, is well suited to shock freezing and to optical monitoring of the crystals, deforms fragile crystals less and gives a lower and more uniform background in the X-ray diffraction patterns.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889890005568
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitive analysis of Laue diffraction patterns recorded with a 120 ps exposure from an X-ray undulator (1992)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 25 (1992), S. 414-423 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: X-ray Laue diffraction patterns with an exposure time of 120 ps have been obtained from single crystals of an indole alkaloid and of the enzyme lysozyme using the X-rays emitted as a single bunch of electrons traverses a hard X-ray undulator inserted in CESR, the Cornell Electron–Positron Storage Ring. The patterns were recorded on a sensitive storage-phosphor detector. Despite complexities posed by the sharp variation of the incident X-ray spectrum with wavelength and the weakness of the diffraction patterns, accurate crystallographic structure amplitudes were extracted from the Laue intensities by the generalized scale-factor approach to the determination of the wavelength- and position-dependent correction factors. The results show that crystallography is feasible on the 100 ps time scale and open up the prospect of time-resolved measurements of ultra-rapid changes in molecular structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889891014826
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two open-flow cryostats for macromolecular crystallography (1994)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 27 (1994), S. 133-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Two open-flow cryostats for macromolecular crystallographic studies, which make it possible to freeze macromolecular crystals very rapidly and maintain them for long periods of time at reduced temperatures, have been constructed. Both systems avoid the use of opaque shrouds and hence permit monitoring of the optical properties of protein crystals at all temperatures. The first uses a cold-gas stream derived from boil-off of liquid nitrogen, with a surrounding warm-gas stream, and covers a temperature range of 80 K to room temperatures. The second uses a cold-gas stream derived from boil-off of either liquid helium or liquid nitrogen to cover a temperature range of 10 to 70 K or above 80 K, respectively. Special care has been taken to make it possible to switch back and forth between the two cryogenic liquids in routine operation. The temperature stability of the cold-gas stream is ±0.5 K, which is achieved by controlling both the flow rate of the gas stream and the power of a heater within the cold-gas stream prior to its exit from the nozzle. The liquid helium consumption is less than 21 h−1 at a working temperature of 40 K.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889893008519
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cooling Rates During Flash Cooling (1998)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 31 (1998), S. 252-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Flash cooling of macromolecular crystals was investigated by measurement of the cooling rates achieved by different cryoprotectant solutions (glycerol, sucrose and polyethylene glycol) with different sample volumes (0.2–0.8 mm3) and by different cooling agents (cold nitrogen or helium gas, liquid nitrogen and liquid propane). Samples were not cooled instantaneously; it usually took 0.5 to 1 s to reach the glass transition temperature and 1 to 2 s to reach the final temperature. The cooling rate varied from 5̃0 to 700 K s−1 depending on the volume of the sample, the cooling agent used and the temperature at the time of measurement. The cooling rate may affect the distribution of unit-cell dimensions, structural states and the average structure throughout the volume of the crystal, and hence its mosaic spread.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889897009229
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phase determination for membrane diffraction by anomalous dispersion (1991)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 47 (1991), S. 553-559 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The phase problem of membrane diffraction is usually solved by the swelling method; however, this method does not always resolve the phases unambiguously. An alternative method of phase determination using anomalous dispersion is illustrated by the multiple-wavelength diffraction of membranes containing gramicidin ion channels. The anomalously scattering atoms are thallium ions bound to the channel. The result determines the location of the ion-binding sites in the gramicidin channel and the electron-density profile of the membrane. The applicability and limitation of the anomalous-dispersion method are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108767391004002
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hemoglobin and myoglobin embedded in dry poly(vinyl alcohol) film for X-ray absorption studies
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Protein Structure and Molecular 874 (1986), S. 13-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 0167-4838
    Keywords: Hemoglobin ; Myoglobin ; Poly(vinyl alcohol) film ; Solid hemoprotein sample ; Time-resolved EXAFS
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0167-4838(86)90095-6
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