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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A frequency doubling electro-optic modulation system for Pockels effect measurements: Application in LiNbO3 (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 2138-2143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A novel system is presented which is capable of measuring with high accuracy the linear (Pockels) electro-optic effect by means of a new dynamic (ac) method. This method is based on the observation of the photodetected output obtained from a Senarmont-type ellipsometric system with an ac (modulating) voltage being applied onto the electro-optic sample under test. This observation is made on a high sensitivity oscilloscope and allows us to determine accurately the null point of the system by locating the position of the analyzer that produces in the output a characteristic and abrupt doubling of the (modulation) frequency. By locating this frequency doubling position without and with electric field one can finally determine the corresponding electro-optic coefficients. Theoretical analysis and considerations of practical interest are presented in the article and show that the system in question can ensure reduced errors and increased sensitivity. Also, experimental evidence in support of the expected performance is obtained by implementing and applying the system for the measurement of the composite electro-optic coefficient rc of LiNbO3 for various temperatures in the range of 17–20 °C. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1148109
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of the temperature-dependent spontaneous birefringence in the electro-optic measurements of LiNbO3 (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 65 (1989), S. 2406-2408 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In spite of the large utilization of LiNbO3 in optical devices, its electro-optic coefficients are not perfectly known. We show in the present paper that not taking into account the temperature dependence of the linear spontaneous birefringence can lead to an erroneous determination of the electro-optic coefficients. The electro-optic coefficient rc of LiNbO3 has been determined by an accurate technique issued from the Sénarmont method. At room temperature, rc=19.9×10−12 m/V, with an estimated error of ±5%. The measurements are performed for values of the dc applied electric field as a function of the temperature around room temperature. We point out the drastic influence on the electro-optic response of the spontaneous birefringence variation due to the temperature. Accurate and reproducible values of the electro-optic coefficients are obtained only if this dependence is taken into account.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.342809
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of quadratic electrooptic coefficients in LiNbO3 using a variation of the FDEOM method (1994)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 26 (1994), S. 1043-1059 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Calculations on the optical index ellipsoid yield that in LiNbO3, a quadratic electrooptic effect free of its linear counterpart exists only for propagation along the X-crystal axis with a longitudinal electric field and in that case the quadratic coefficients R c =R 12–R 31 and R 41 are exclusively involved. Because of their low values, we have measured these coefficients using a specific novel variation of the accurate frequency-doubling electrooptic modulation (FDEOM) method. After a presentation of the theoretical formulation and practical implementation of this method, results for R c and R 41 are given and discussed in relation to theoretically expected values.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00284502
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of the electro-optic coefficients: description and comparison of the experimental techniques (2000)
    Springer
    Applied physics 70 (2000), S. 317-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: PACS: 78.20.JQ
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. This paper presents a review of experimental methods used to determine electro-optic (EO) coefficients in bulk materials. The techniques are based on the relations describing the electro-optic effect in one-beam-ellipsometric or two-beam-interferometric optical arrangements. The methods are classified according to the nature (dc or ac) of the electric field applied onto the sample (static or dynamic methods) and with respect of the measured physical quantity (voltage, phase retardation, light beam intensity, etc.). Theoretical analysis and considerations of practical interest are presented in the article with particular attention paid to the resulting error in the determination of the EO coefficient associated with each method. A complete analysis of advantages and drawbacks of methods is finally given as a function of different experimental parameters such as the accuracy or sensitivity, the complexity of the implementation, the signal and the physical quantity used to derive the EO coefficient. Measurements of the coefficient r c as obtained by means of the various methods on the same congruent crystal of LiNbO3, are used to support the comparison between techniques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003400050053
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