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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 48 (1982), S. 215-225 
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Exercise ; Norepinephrine ; Metabolism ; Oxygen consumption ; Running
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of norepinephrine (NE) injection (300 Μg·kg−1 of body weight) on oxygen consumption ( $$\dot V_{O_2 }$$ ), carbon dioxide production ( $$\dot V_{CO_2 }$$ ) and respiratory exchange ratio (R) were investigated in female rats after 1 h of running on a treadmill (21.5 m·min−1) at 10% inclination. Six groups of animals were injected respectively at various times after the exercise (1, 3, 6, 9, 21, and 47 h), and were compared to six non-exercised groups injected at corresponding times. $$\dot V_{O_2 }$$ and $$\dot V_{CO_2 }$$ were monitored continuously during the 20 min preceding injection and for the 60 min following it. The increases in $$\dot V_{O_2 }$$ and $$\dot V_{CO_2 }$$ , and the decrease in R were of similar magnitude in both exercised and non-exercised rats (about 30% and 20% for $$\dot V_{O_2 }$$ and $$\dot V_{CO_2 }$$ , respectively, and −12% for R). Peak $$\dot V_{O_2 }$$ and R values attained after NE injection varied however with time of injection, specially in exercised animals 1 and 9 h after the run. Exercise significantly delayed time of response to NE for $$\dot V_{O_2 }$$ and $$\dot V_{CO_2 }$$ particularly 1 and 9 h after the running bout. It is concluded that time of day, exercise, and time elapsed after exercise are important factors to consider when studying metabolic responses to catecholamines. Furthermore, it is suggested that such experimental controls might be meaningful in human studies as well.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 54 (1985), S. 250-253 
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Human skeletal muscle ; Muscle fiber type ; Exercise-training
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The response of muscle fiber type proportions and fiber areas to 15 weeks of strenuous high-intensity intermittent training was investigated in twenty-four carefully ascertained sedentary (14 women and 10 men) and 10 control (4 women and 6 men) subjects. The supervised training program consisted mainly of series of supramaximal exercise lasting 15 s to 90 s on a cycle ergometer. Proportions of muscle fiber type and areas of the fibers were determined from a biopsy of the vastus lateralis before and after the training program. No significant change was observed for any of the histochemical charactertics in the control group. Training significantly increased the proportion of type I and decreased type IIb fibers, the proportion of type IIa remained unchanged. Areas of type I and IIb fibers increased significantly with training. These results suggest that high-intensity intermittent training in humans may alter the proportion of type I and the area of type I and IIb fibers and in consequence that fiber type composition in human vastus lateralis muscle is not determined solely by genetic factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Human skeletal muscle ; Enzyme activities ; Training ; Detraining
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of repeated high-intensity intermittent training programs interspaced by detraining on human skeletal muscle and performances. First, nineteen subjects were submitted to a 15-week cycle ergometer training program which involved both continuous and high-intensity interval work patterns. Among these 19 subjects, six participated in a second 15-week training program after 7 weeks of detraining. Subjects were tested before and after each training program for maximal aerobic power and maximal short-term ergocycle performances of 10 and 90 s. Muscle biopsy from the vastus lateralis before and after both training programs served for the determination of creatine kinase (CK), hexokinase, phosphofructokinase (PFK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malate dehydrogenase, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HADH) and oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH) activities. The first training program induced significant increases in all performances and enzyme activities but not in CK. Seven weeks of detraining provoked significant decreases in maximal aerobic power and maximal 90 s ergocycle performance. While the interruption of training had no effect on glycolytic enzyme markers (PFK and LDH), oxidative enzyme activities (HADH and OGDH) declined. These results suggest that a fairly long interruption in training has negligeable effects on glycolytic enzymes while a persistent training stimulus is required to maintain high oxidative enzyme levels in human skeletal muscle. The degree of adaptation observed after the second training program confirms that the magnitude of the adaptive response to exercise-training is limited.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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