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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An evaluation of the young dopamine-lesioned rat as an animal model for minimal brain dysfunction (MBD) (1980)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 67 (1980), S. 165-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Minimal brain dysfunction ; Animal model ; Dopaminergic lesioning ; Amphetamine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Three main symptoms of minimal brain dysfunction (MBD), a common disorder in children, are hyperactivity, learning disabilities, and attention deficits. Drugs like amphetamine and methylphenidate have been demonstrated to produce a significant behavioral improvement in these children. The behavioral response of young rats (3–4 weeks), with selective lesioning of the central dopaminergic system, to a novel environment was analyzed. Both the frequencies and durations of eight mutually exclusive and complementary behavioral categories were scored. By analyzing the behavior in this way it appeared that considerable hyperactivity and leaning disabilities could be demonstrated in these rats. Moreover, the bout length of some behavioral categories was somewhat shortened, which might be an indication of deficits in attention. However, treatment of the animals with amphetamine did not produce any “therapeutic” effect on the three symptoms. Since pharmacotherapeutic support is, in our opinion, a “conditio sine qua non” for the validity of the model, we do not believe that the young DA-lesioned rat is an appropriate animal model for MBD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00431972
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro acetylcholine release from rat caudate nucleus as a new model for testing drugs with dopamine-receptor activity (1979)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 309 (1979), S. 119-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Acetylcholine-release ; Caudate nucleus ; Dopamine-receptor ; Receptorsupersensitivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of a number of dopamine-receptor agonists on depolarization-induced (26 mM K+) release of 3H-acetylcholine from slices of rat caudate nucleus were examined with a superfusion method. Apomorphine (10−6 M) and N,N-dipropyliso-ADTN (10−7 M) inhibited acetylcholine-release in vitro by about 50% and these inhibitory effects were antagonized by haloperidol. For N,N-dipropyl-iso-ADTN an EC50 of approximately 3×10−9 M was estimated from its dose-response curve. However, dopamine (10−6 M) itself and bromocriptine (10−6 M) inhibited acetylcholine-release less. Presumably: the weak effect of exogenous dopamine is due to its (partial) uptake in dopaminergic nerve terminals and to the fact that released endogenous dopamine already partially activates the receptors involved in the inhibition of acetylcholine-release. Pretreatment of young rats with 6-hydroxydopamine (+ desipramine) increased the inhibitory effects of dopamine-receptor agonists, including dopamine itself, on acetylcholine-release from caudate slices, indicating dopamine-receptor supersensitivity. This was corroborated by the finding that apomorphine-induced stereotyped behavior was significantly higher in rats lesioned with 6-hydroxydopamine than in controls. It is suggested that K+-induced release of radiolabelled acetylcholine from caudate nucleus slices provides a functional model to study the characteristics of post-synaptic dopamine-receptors in vitro. The concentrations of dopamine-receptor agonists needed to inhibit acetylcholine-release appear to be in the nanomolar range, in agreement with their affinities as determined in dopamine-receptor binding studies. In contrast, these concentrations are much lower than those required for stimulation of dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00501218
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative bioavailability study of two haloperidol decanoate containing products (1994)
    Springer
    Pharmacy world & science 16 (1994), S. 343-347 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-739X
    Keywords: Biological availability ; Delayed-action preparations ; Haloperidol ; Haloperidol decanoate ; Pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract In our hospital pharmacy an injectable solution of haloperidol decanoate 141 mg/ml (equivalent to haloperidol 100 mg/ml) in sesame oil was prepared. The aim of this study was to prove bioequivalence of this formulation with the reference product, Haldol Decanoas®. 15 schizophrenic patients, already stabilized with Haldol Decanoas®, were enrolled. Intramuscular injections were given every three weeks in the following doses: 100 mg (1 ×), 200 mg (7 ×) and 300 mg (7 ×). In this open, randomized, cross-over study all patients received four injections of the reference product, and four injections of the test product. Only after the fourth injection of each product (when steady-state levels were reached) a concentration-time profile of haloperidol was established during the dose interval of 21 days. The pharmacokinetic parameters AUC0–21 and Cmax were statistically evaluated. Based on these parameters the conclusion was drawn that both products were bioequivalent. The preparation of this injectable haloperidol decanoate solution in our hospital pharmacy amounts to an annual saving of approximately $39,000.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02178564
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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