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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Antimicrobic Newsletter 2 (1985), S. 25-28 
    ISSN: 0738-1751
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Infectious Diseases Newsletter 3 (1984), S. 86-87 
    ISSN: 0278-2316
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Infection 22 (1994), S. S80 
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In einer nationalen Überwachungsstudie zur bakteriellen Resistenz wurden Daten für Ciprofloxacin aus geographisch und demographisch unterschiedlichen Institutionen gesammelt. Die meisten Isolate waren von hospitalisierten Patienten. Für die Empfindlichkeitstestung gegenüber Ciprofloxacin standen 154 689 klinische Isolate von 48 Genera und 128 Spezies oder Gruppen zur Verfügung. 60,2% der Spezies oder Gruppen und 62,3% der Isolate waren gramnegativ. Bei 12 012 Isolaten, die in unser Kliniklabor eingesandt wurden, wurden MHK-Tests und Identifizierung vorgenommen. Von allen Isolaten der Überwachungsstudie waren 88,2% empfindlich, 4,6% mäßig empfindlich und 7,2 resistent gegen Ciprofloxacin. Die meisten Enterobacteriaceac-Isolate (96,2%) waren gegen Ciprofloxacin empfindlich; vonPseudomonas aeruginosa waren 87,7% empfindlich, und 7,8% resistent. Der überwiegende Anteil der methicillinempfindlichen Stämme vonStaphylococcus aureus war empfindlich (95,7%) oder mäßig empfindlich (1,4%) gegen Ciprofloxacin. Unter den methicillinresistenten Isolaten war hingegen der größte Teil resistent gegen Ciprofloxacin (76,4%). Die meisten Pneumokokken (96,5%) waren gegen Ciprofloxacin empfindlich oder mäßig empfindlich; die MHK-Werte lagen bei 92,7% der Isolate bei 1 mg/l (empfindlich) oder 2 mg/l (mäßig empfindlich). Die in unserem Labor durchgeführten Empfindlichkeitsprüfungen für Ciprofloxacin bestätigten im allgemeinen die Daten der Überwachungsstudie. Diese Studie zeigt, daß Ciprofloxacin mit Ausnahme der methicillinresistenten Staphylokokken gegen die meisten bakteriellen Erreger seine hohe Aktivität erhalten hat.
    Notes: Summary In 1990–1991, in a national surveillance study of bacterial resistance, ciprofloxacin data from geographic and demographically diverse institutions were collected. Most of the isolates were from hospitalized patients. Ciprofloxacin susceptibility was obtained on 154,689 clinical isolates comprising 48 genera and 128 species or groups; 60.2% of the species or groups and 62.3% of the isolates were gram-negative. MIC tests and identification tests also were performed on 12,012 of these isolates, which had been submitted to our in-house laboratory. For all surveillance isolates, 88.2% were susceptible, 4.6% were moderately susceptible, and 7.2% were resistant to ciprofloxacin. Most isolates (96.2%) of the surveillanceEnterobacteriaceae were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, as were 87.7% of thePseudomonas aeruginosa (7.8% resistant). A majority of the methicillin-susceptible strains ofStaphylococcus aureus were susceptible (95.7%) or moderately susceptible (1.4%) to ciprofloxacin. But a majority of methicillin-resistant isolates were resistant (76.4%) to ciprofloxacin. Most of the pneumococci (96.5%) were susceptible or moderately susceptible to ciprofloxacin with 92.7% of these isolates having MICs of 1 mg/l (susceptible) or 2 mg/l (moderately susceptible). The ciprofloxacin data for the isolates tested in our in-house laboratory generally confirmed the susceptibility rates of those from the surveillance data. This study shows that, with the exception of methicillin-resistant staphylococci, ciprofloxacin has retained a high level of activity against most bacterial pathogens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Three methods approved by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards for testing the susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria were used to evaluate the fluoroquinolone, trovafloxacin. The methods gave essentially comparable results with 126 anaerobes and with three quality control strains. A collaborative study defined the quality control range for trovafloxacin MICs. Trovafloxacin had good in vitro activity against the more common anaerobes (MIC 90 〈- 2.0 (Μg/ml). Trovafloxacin (CP-99,219) is a fluoroquinolone with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity (1–3). Its in vitro spectrum includes many anaerobic bacteria (4).The National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) currently recommends three different methods for testing the susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria (5). The standard reference method is an agar dilution procedure using Wilkins-Chalgren agar. Two alternative methods are an agar dilution technique using Brucella blood agar and a microdilution procedure using a broth version of Wilkins-Chalgren medium. It is important to determine whether these three procedures actually produce identical test results with each antimicrobial agent likely to be tested against anaerobes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 6 (1987), S. 416-417 
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract When testingPseudomonas aeruginosa against netilmicin, MICs were markedly affected by the concentration of cations added to the test medium. A susceptible disk test result (zone⩾15 mm) corresponded to MIC⩾4.0μg/ml in unsupplemented broth, ⩾12μg/ml in broth with half the usual amount of cations and ⩾32 μg/ml in broth with the recommended concentration of cations. Tests with 30μg netilmicin disks best predicted susceptibility as determined by MICs in broth without added cations. When the MICs were determined in cation supplemented broth, the number of interpretive discrepancies increased to an unacceptably high level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 8 (1989), S. 544-549 
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Quality control parameters for broth microdilution and disk diffusion susceptibility tests were defined and the interpretive criteria for disk diffusion tests reviewed. For interpretation of tests with 15 µg azithromycin disks, the following criteria are recommended: ⩾19 mm for the susceptible category (MIC⩽2.0 µg/ml) and ⩽15 mm for the resistant category (MIC⩾8.0 µg/ml). Using these criteria, there was 97 % overall agreement between broth dilution and disk diffusion tests;Haemophilus influenzae isolates were susceptible to azithromycin by both methods. The quality control strainStaphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 gave zones of 21 to 26 mm in diameter in a six-laboratory collaborative study. In azithromycin broth microdilution tests the following MIC control limits are recommended:Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, 2.0–8.0 µg/ml;Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, 0.25–1.0 µg/ml; andEnterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, 1.0–4.0 µg/ml.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 3 (1984), S. 531-537 
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The in vitro activity of 3-0-demethyl fortimicin A was compared to that of amikacin and tobramycin against 5,230 clinical isolates in four institutions. Amikacin and tobramycin were more active than 3-0-demethyl fortimicin A againstPseudomonas aeruginosa andAcinetobacter spp., but all three drugs had similar activity against theEnterobacteriaceae andStaphylococcus aureus. Additional tests with 335 representative gram-negative bacilli compared five different aminoglycosides, demonstrating differences with some isolates. Standardized disk diffusion tests were also performed with 30μg 3-0-demethyl fortimicin A disks, according to the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. The following interpretive breakpoints are proposed: ⩽ 11 mm for resistant (MIC ⩾32μg/ml) and ⩾ 15 mm for susceptible (MIC ⩽ 16μg/ml).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 4 (1985), S. 30-33 
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The susceptibility of 677 clinical bacterial isolates to temocillin was determined by broth microdilution and disk diffusion methods for the purpose of evaluating disks with three different temocillin concentrations and determining the temocillin disk diffusion interpretive criteria. The 60μg temocillin disk provided the highest interpretive accuracy (96.2 %), although the 30μg disk differed by having only three (1.2 %) additional minor interpretive errors. Based on available temocillin pharmacokinetics and recommended dosage schedules, the minimum inhibitory concentration breakpoints chosen were: ⩾ 32μg/ml = resistant and ⩽ 16μg/ml = susceptible. The corresponding disk diffusion zone diameter breakpoints for the 60μg disk were ⩽ 17 mm and ⩾ 21 mm; zone diameters of 18–20 mm were considered intermediate. For the 30μg disk these were ⩽ 15 mm, ⩾ 19 mm and 16–18 mm respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 6 (1987), S. 109-111 
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Zones of inhibition around 15μg A-56268 disks were essentially the same size as those around 15μg erythromycin disks. If the same MIC breakpoints are to be used for defining susceptible categories for both macrolides, interpretive zone size standards for erythromycin disk tests may also be used for A-56268 disk tests. Against anaerobic bacteria, the two macrolides were only marginally effective when broth dilution tests were incubated in anaerobic jars. The aerobically incubated thioglycolate broth disk elution test indicated that both macrolides were much more effective against anaerobes. Three 15μg disks eluted in 5 ml thioglycolate provided satisfactory results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 4 (1985), S. 144-145 
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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