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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aging effect of Co/C soft x-ray multilayer mirrors (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 184-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The effect of aging on Co/C multilayer x-ray mirrors is presented. One significant result is the enhancement of the reflectivity at grazing incidence with time for the Co/C multilayers with C-on-top stored in air or argon and Co-on-top stored in argon. This can be interpreted in terms of a Co–C phase-separation at Co–C interfaces due to the positive enthalpy of Co–C mixing. Results also show that oxidation of the surface of Co-on-top Co/C multilayers plays an important role in the decrease of reflectivity. The oxidation can be prevented by storing the multilayers in an oxygen-free atmosphere or by depositing amorphous carbon as the top layer. The reflectivity of tarnished multilayers can be restored by removing the oxides by wet chemical methods. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.363839
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Period expansion of Co/C and CoN/CN soft x-ray multilayers after annealing (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 82 (1997), S. 2270-2276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Period expansion of Co/C and CoN/CN soft x-ray multilayers has been investigated by x-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Below the anneal temperature of 400 °C, the period expansion (〈 12%) of Co/C multilayers is mainly caused by the graphitization of the amorphous carbon layers. By 500 °C, the crystallization and agglomeration of Co layers induce an enormous period expansion (∼40%). The period expansion of CoN/CN multilayers is only 4% at 400 °C, which is much smaller than that of Co/C multilayers. The interface patterns of the CoN/CN multilayers still exist even if they were annealed at 700 °C. The Raman spectroscopy analyses indicate that the formation of the sp3 bonding can be suppressed effectively by doping N atoms, and thus the period expansion is decreased considerably at annealing temperatures below 600 °C. The significant suppression of grain growth above 600 °C is believed to be attributed to the coexistence of hcp and fcc Co structures induced by interstitial N atoms, which cause the high-temperature period expansion decrease. The results also imply that the structural stability of Co/C soft x-ray multilayers can be significantly improved through doping N atoms.© 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.366033
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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