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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tsunami research in Europe (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Terra nova 2 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3121
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3121.1990.tb00032.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response of a harbour opened to a sea of variable depth (1980)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 118 (1980), S. 783-795 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Physical oceanography ; Helmholtz resonance ; Harbour ; Helmholtz resonance of
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Wave-induced oscillations in a circular harbour with protruding breakwaters and narrow mouth are analytically investigated by using a variational method. The effects of the bottom topography of the contiguous external sea are studied, especially as far as Helmholtz resonance is concerned; it has been found that the amplitude of the resonance peak is quite sensitive to the depth variation, while the related resonance wavenumber is more stable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01593030
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tsunami trapping near circular islands (1995)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 144 (1995), S. 595-619 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Analytical model ; circular island ; shallow water approximation ; tsunami ; wave amplification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Trapping of long water waves that are induced by submarine earthquakes and that attack circular islands is studied by applying a theoretical model (Tinti andVannini, 1994) that is based on the linear shallow water approximation. The solution is computed as the superposition of the eigenmodes of the water basin. The tsunami trapping is seen in terms of the capability of the source to excite the “trapped” eigenmodes of the basin. The bottom depth dependence around the island is shown to be quite important in determining the trapping capability of the island: a depth profile that is downwardly concave as the distance from the island coasts increases is substantially more efficient in amplifying the incoming waves and in trapping their energy than a profile exhibiting an upward concavity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00874385
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On estimating frequency-magnitude relations from heterogeneous catalogs (1987)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 125 (1987), S. 1-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Apparent magnitude ; heterogeneous catalog ; magnitude errors ; frequency-magnitude law
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The paper studies the effect of magnitude errors on heterogeneous catalogs, by applying the apparent magnitude theory (seeTinti andMulargia, 1985a), which proves to be the most natural and rigorous approach to the problem. Heterogeneities in seismic catalogs are due to a number of various sources and affect both instrumental as well as noninstrumental earthquake compilations. The most frequent basis of heterogeneity is certainly that the recent instrumental records are to be combined with the historic and prehistoric event listings to secure a time coverage, considerably longer than the recurrence time of the major earthquakes. Therefore the case which attracts the greatest attention in the present analysis is that of a catalog consisting of a subset of higher quality data, generallyS 1, spanning the interval ΔT 1 (the instrumental catalog), and of a second subset of more uncertain magnitude determination, generallyS 2, covering a vastly longer interval ΔT 2 (the historic and/or the geologic catalog). The magnitude threshold of the subcatalogS 1 is supposedly smaller than that ofS 2, which, as we will see, is one of the major causes of discrepancy between the apparent magnitude and the true magnitude distributions. We will further suppose that true magnitude occurrences conform to theGutenberg-Richter (GR) law, because the assumption simplified the analysis without reducing the relevancy of our findings. The main results are: 1) the apparent occurrence rate λ exceeds the true occurrence rate ρ from a certain magnitude onward, saym GR; 2) the apparent occurrence rate λ shows two distinct GR regimes separated by an intermediate transition region. The offset between the two regimes is the essential outcome ofS 1 being heterogeneous with respect toS 2. The most important consequences of this study are that: 1) it provides a basis to infer the parameters of the true magnitude distribution, by correcting the bias deriving from heterogeneous magnitude errors; 2) it demonstrates that the double GR decay, that several authors have taken as the incontestable proof of the failure of the GR law and of the experimental evidence of the characteristic earthquake theory, is instead perfectly consistent with a GR-type seismicity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00878611
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessment of tsunami hazard in the Italian seas (1991)
    Springer
    Natural hazards 4 (1991), S. 267-283 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0840
    Keywords: Tsunamis ; earthquakes ; hazard assessment ; Italian Seas
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract A method for the evaluation of tsunami potential in the seas surrounding Italy is presented. A major difficulty for performing reliable estimates of tsunami occurrence is that the existing tsunami catalog for Italy includes a small number of cases. This is due partly to the catalog incompleteness, strangely more pronounced in our century, and partly to the relative infrequency of tsunamis along the Italian seas. Evaluation of tsunami activity is therefore deduced by complementing the tsunami catalog data with data on seismicity that are by far more abundant and reliable. Analysis of seismicity and assessment of earthquake rate in coastal and submarine regions form the basis of the present method to perform tsunami potential estimates for Italy. One essential limitation of the method is that only tsunamis of seismic origin are taken into account, which leads to an underestimation of the tsunami potential. Since tsunamis generated by earthquakes are much more frequent than events produced by slumps or volcanic eruptions, the underestimation is not dramatic and very likely affects only a limited portion of the Italian coasts. In the present application of the method, eight separate regions have been considered that together cover all the coasts of Italy. In each region, seismicity has been independently examined and the earthquake potential has been calculated in small 20′ × 20′ cells. Then, on the basis of suitable assumptions, tsunami potential has been evaluated in each cell. According to this study, the Italian coasts that are the most exposed to the attacks of locally generated tsunamis are to be found in the Messina Straits, in Tyrrhenian coasts of Calabria, in the Ionian Sicilian coasts around Catania, and in the Gargano promontory in the Southern Adriatic Sea. Furthermore, this study confirms that the Northern Adriatic Sea has a low level of tsunami potential, in agreement with recent studies emphasizing that the large historical events concerning this region included in the first versions of the Italian tsunami catalog are largely overestimated and must be decreased.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00162792
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A smoothing algorithm to enhance finite-element tsunami modelling: An application to the 5 February 1783 Calabrian case, Italy (1995)
    Springer
    Natural hazards 12 (1995), S. 161-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0840
    Keywords: finite-element ; numerical model ; shallow-water approximation ; smoothing ; tsunami simulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Numerical simulations are essential tools for studying tsunami generation and evolution and finite-element (FE) methods are widely used, especially because of their capability in modeling water waves in basins with complex bathymetry and irregular coastlines. This paper presents the numerical simulation of an historical Italian tsunami that affected the Tyrrhenian coasts of Calabria and Sicily on 5 February 1783 following a strong destructive earthquake that was the first of a terrible sequence of seismic shocks terrifying the Calabrian population for more than two months. The numerical model is an FE model based on the nonlinear nondispersive shallow-water approximation of the Navier-Stokes equations. Since FE discretization schemes may lead to solutions undesirably affected by noise over coarse grids, in this study numerical noise is controlled by suitably smoothing the FE solution at regular time steps Δt s. The performance of our smoothing algorithm is tested for significant linear cases for which an analytical solution is available.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00613075
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tsunamis: 1992–1994 their generation, dynamics, and hazard (1996)
    Springer
    Surveys in geophysics 17 (1996), S. 557-559 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0956
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01901644
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The 3 June 1994 Java Tsunami: A Post-Event Survey of the Coastal Effects (1997)
    Springer
    Natural hazards 15 (1997), S. 31-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0840
    Keywords: field survey ; coastal flooding ; run-up ; tsunami
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The paper is a report of the field campaign undertaken by an international team (Italian, French and Indonesian) a few weeks after the occurrence of a tsunami invading the south-eastern coast of Java (Indonesia) and it complements the results of a concurrent field survey by Asian and USA researchers. The tsunamigenic earthquake occurred on 3 of June 1994 in the Indian Ocean about 200 km south of Java. The tsunami caused severe damage and claimed many victims in some coastal villages. The main purpose of the survey was to measure the inundation and the runup values as well as to ascertain the possible morphological changes caused by the wave attacks. Attention was particularly focussed on the most affected districts, that is Lumajang, Jember and Banyuwangi in Java, although also the districts of Negera, Tebanan and Denpasar in Bali were examined. The most severe damage was observed in the Banyuwangi district, where the villages of Rajekwesi, Pancer and Lampon were almost completely levelled by the violent waves. Most places were hit by three significant waves with documented wave height often exceeding 5 m. The maximum runup value (9.50 m) was measured at Rajekwesi, where also the most impressive erosion phenomena could be found. In contrast, only in one place of the neighbouring island of Bali was there a slight tsunami, the rest of the island being practically unaffected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007957224367
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Block-Based Theoretical Model Suited to Gravitational Sliding (1997)
    Springer
    Natural hazards 16 (1997), S. 1-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0840
    Keywords: block model ; debris avalanche ; multiple-block model ; landslide ; numerical simulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract An original theoretical model has been devised to simulate mass flow over hill slopes due to gravitational sliding. The sliding mass is discretized into a sequence of contiguous blocks which are subjected to gravitational forces, to bottom friction and to surface resistance stresses that are generally negligible for subaerial flows, but are relevant for submarine slides. The blocks interact with each other while sliding down the hill flanks because of internal forces that dissipate mechanical energy and produce a momentum exchange between the individual blocks, yet conserving the total momentum of the mass. Internal forces are expressed in terms of interaction coefficients depending on the instantaneous distance between the block centers of mass, which is a measure of the deformation experienced by the blocks: the functional dependence includes three parameters, namely the interaction intensity ¯λ, the deformability parameter σ and the shape parameter γ, by means of which a wide range of interaction types can be fully accounted for. The time integration is performed numerically by solving the equations for the block velocities and positions at any time ti by means of the block accelerations at the previous time ti-1, and by subsequently updating the block accelerations, which allows to proceed iteratively to the following times. The model has been tested against laboratory results available from literature and by means of several numerical experiments involving a simplified geometry both for the sliding body and the basal surface, with the purpose of clarifying the influence of the model parameters on the slide dynamics. The model improves the performance of the existing kinematic models for slides, moreover preserving an equivalent numerical simplicity. Future applications and possible improvements of this model are suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007934804464
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response of Coastal harbours (1980)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 15 (1980), S. 296-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A numerical method able to evaluate the response of harbours of constant depth to periodic plane waves in the presence headlands of breakwaters near the harbour mouth is described and tested on a particular case.The method, based on Green's function theory, is rather general, and can also treat the response of an off-shore harbour, as well as the diffraction field due to only breakwaters or headlands, when the interaction with the coastline must be taken into account.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620150212
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