Library

X
feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship of some physical properties of oil dispersants and their toxicity to marine organisms (1995)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 29 (1995), S. 33-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Oil spill dispersants contain one or more surface-active agents. The surfactant properties that allow dispersants to work are nonspecific and can also affect the lipid-bilayer membranes of living cells. One important parameter used to characterize the physical behavior of surfactants is the concentration at which dissolved surfactant monomers begin to aggregate—the critical micelle concentration (CMC). The CMC can be toxicologically relevant because toxic effects are generally linked to monomers rather than micelles. The CMCs of four different oil dispersants (Corexit® 9527, Corexit® 7664, Nokomis® 3, and Slik-A-Way®) in seawater were measured using surface tension as the indicative metric. From these data, predicted surface tensions were calculated for NOEC and median-effect concentration estimates obtained with the same dispersants for the early life stages of four marine species. In three of the four agents, toxicity to all four species occurred below the CMC; however, in the fourth, toxicity to three of the species occurred well above the CMC. No biologically significant relationship between surface tension and toxicity was noted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213084
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative toxicity of Corexit® 7664 to the early life stages of four marine species (1994)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 27 (1994), S. 130-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The toxicity of the oil dispersing agent Corexit® 7664 was evaluated using the early life stages of four California marine species: the red abalone (Haliotis rufescens), the topsmelt (Atherinops affinis), a mysid (Holmesimysis costata), and the giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera). Spiked-exposure, continuous-flow toxicity tests of 48–96 h were performed in triplicate in closed test chambers. Dispersant concentrations were measured by UV spectrophotometry. In terms of median-effect concentration, the order of test sensitivity was Haliotis〉Atherinops〉Holmesimysis〉Macrocystis. NOEC data also showed Haliotis tests to be the most sensitive, with Macrocystis tests having similar values, followed by Atherinops and Holmesimysis tests, respectively. Toxicity of Corexit® 7664 was compared to that of Corexit® 9527, and the latter was found to be more toxic to all four species; interspecific rankings were similar for the two agents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00203899
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-term trends in DDT, polychlorinated biphenyls, and chlordane in California Mussels (1995)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 28 (1995), S. 443-450 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The California State Mussel Watch program is a long-term monitoring program conducted by the State Water Resources Control Board and the Department of Fish and Game. In a fifteen year time span, from 1977–1992, mussels were collected at 378 stations. From these stations, 47 were chosen to conduct statistical analysis based on the criteria that they had been sampled at least 6 times for total DDTs, total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and total chlordanes. Declines of total DDTs and chlordanes were noted at approximately half of the stations. Declines of total PCBs were noted at approximately one-quarter of the stations. Declines of PCBs but not DDTs in mussels near Los Angeles County's sewer discharge corresponded to declines of these contaminants in treated effluent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00211626
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Dispersant Treatment on the Acute Aquatic Toxicity of Petroleum Hydrocarbons (1998)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 34 (1998), S. 177-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The acute effects of both untreated and dispersant-treated Prudhoe Bay crude oil on the early life-stages of three marine species were investigated. Identification of which water-accommodated fraction (undispersed or chemically dispersed) was considered “more toxic” was dependent on species, time, and endpoint (and by inference, test protocol). Generally, the data showed that at roughly equivalent hydrocarbon concentrations untreated oil solutions resulted in higher initial effects (〈 1 h) in mysid and topsmelt tests, whereas dispersed oil solutions elicited higher levels of larval abnormality in abalone tests and higher levels of mortality in mysid tests. While differences in test protocols existed among the species tested, topsmelt were the most sensitive species to untreated oil solutions, with mysids being most sensitive to dispersed oil solutions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002449900302
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of Dispersants on the Bioavailability of Naphthalene from the Water-Accommodated Fraction Crude Oil to the Golden-Brown Algae, Isochrysis galbana (1998)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 35 (1998), S. 274-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The golden-brown algae Isochrysis galbana, a primary producer, was used to determine the influence of the chemical dispersing agent, Corexit 9527®, on the bioavailability of naphthalene. Cells were exposed to laboratory preparations of either the water-accommodated fraction (WAF) of Prudhoe Bay crude oil (PBCO) or a dispersed oil (DO) mixture of PBCO and Corexit 9527 spiked with [U-14C]naphthalene. Uptake was determined by the amount of algae-associated [14C]. High-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) co-chromatography was used to fractionate and identify metabolic products. A 24-h bioaccumulation factor (BAF) was calculated in the absence of steady state. The presence of Corexit 9527, had significant influence (p = 0.001) on the uptake of naphthalene, but no significant effect on the 24-h BAF (BAF: 168 and 180 from WAF and DO, respectively), or metabolic fate of naphthalene in I. galbana. Results of this research indicate that dispersants have the potential to increase organismal exposure to certain petroleum hydrocarbons without increasing their aqueous concentration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002449900376
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Salinity and Temperature on the Bioavailability of Dispersed Petroleum Hydrocarbons to the Golden-Brown Algae, Isochrysis galbana (1998)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 35 (1998), S. 268-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Comparative studies were done to determine the influence of a dispersant on the bioavailability of naphthalene from crude oil to the unicellular golden-brown algae, Isochrysis galbana, under changing temperature and salinity conditions. Conditions were selected to represent a range (two temperatures, 12 and 20°C, and two salinities, 22 and 34‰) encountered in Pacific waters, where extensive crude oil transport and refining occurs. Cells were exposed to laboratory preparations of either the water-accommodated fraction (WAF) of Prudhoe Bay crude oil (PBCO) or a dispersed oil (DO) mixture of PBCO and Corexit 9527® spiked with [U-14C]naphthalene. Uptake increased by as much as 50% in DO, 20°C exposures run at 22‰ (0.24 μmol naphthalene/g algae in WAF, 0.37 μmol naphthalene/g algae in DO) compared with comparable exposures at 34‰ (0.23 μmol naphthalene/g algae in WAF, 0.37 μmol naphthalene/g algae in DO). A 24-h bioaccumulation factor (BAF) calculated in the absence of steady state indicated increasing bioaccumulation with decreasing temperature. No significant variation in relative metabolite composition occurred under the different experimental conditions. Results of these experiments showed that the use of dispersants enhanced the uptake of naphthalene by microalgae under a variety of temperature and salinity conditions, independent of aqueous concentration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002449900375
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of salinity on copper and azide toxicity to larval topsmelt Atherinops affinis (Ayres) (1995)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 29 (1995), S. 366-372 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Performance of a 7-d growth and survival toxicity test protocol using larval topsmelt, Atherinops affinis (Ayres), was evaluated for copper chloride and sodium azide at representative estuarine salinities. Results showed that topsmelt are amenable to toxicity testing at estuarine salinities ranging from 5 to 34‰ since control survival was 100% in all toxicity tests. Sensitivity to both toxicants increased at lower salinities, with the LC50s for copper ranging from 205 μg/L at 34‰ to 44 μg/L at 10‰, and those for sodium azide ranging from 54 mg/L at 34‰ to 7 mg/L at 5‰. Larval tissue osmolality decreased with increasing copper concentration relative to control fish. Copper uptake was not affected by changes in salinity. This suggests that increased sensitivity to copper was due, in part, to the increasing physiological challenge of osmoregulation. It is also possible that cupric ion concentration increased at lower salinities, resulting in reduced larval survival. It is hypothesized that increased sensitivity to azide at lower salinity was due to the interaction between azide toxicity and increasing osmotic challenge. A second experiment with azide showed that larval acclimation time did not affect the interaction between salinity and azide toxicity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00212502
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hsp60-Induced Tolerance in the Rotifer Brachionus plicatilis Exposed to Multiple Environmental Contaminants (1999)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 36 (1999), S. 281-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Hsp60 induction was selected as a sublethal endpoint of toxicity for Brachionus plicatilis exposed to a water accommodated fraction (WAF) of Prudhoe Bay crude oil (PBCO), a PBCO/dispersant (Corexit 9527®) fraction and Corexit 9527® alone. To examine the effect of multiple stressors, exposures modeled San Francisco Bay, where copper levels are approximately 5 μg/L, salinity is 22‰, significant oil transport and refining occurs, and petroleum releases have occurred historically. Rotifers were exposed to copper at 5 μg/L for 24 h, followed by one of the oil/dispersant preparations for 24 h. Batch-cultured rotifers were used in this study to model wild populations instead of cysts. SDS-PAGE with Western Blotting using hsp60-specific antibodies and chemiluminescent detection were used to isolate, identify, and measure induced hsp60 as a percentage of control values. Both PBCO/dispersant and dispersant alone preparations induced significant levels of hsp60. However, hsp60 expression was reduced to that of controls at high WAF concentrations, suggesting interference with protein synthesis. Rotifers that had been preexposed to copper maintained elevated levels of hsp60 upon treatment with WAF at all concentrations. Results suggest that induction of hsp60 by chronic low-level exposure may serve as a protective mechanism against subsequent or multiple stressors and that hsp60 levels are not additive for the toxicants tested in this study, giving no dose-response relationship. The methods employed in this study could be useful for quantifying hsp60 levels in wild rotifer populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002449900472
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...