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Neurotrophic effects of the pineal gland: Role of non-neuronal cells in co-cultures of the pineal gland and superior cervical ganglia (1995)

McNulty, John A. ; Tsai, Shin-Yen ; Fox, Linda M. ; [et al.]

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Journal of pineal research 19 (1995), S. 0

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ISSN: 1600-079X

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Medicine

Notes: Abstract: The pineal gland (PG) is a source of several trophic factors. In this study, PG and superior cervical ganglia (SCG) from Sprague-Dawley neonates (1-day-old) were co-cultured to test the hypothesis that endogenous release of PG NGF (or an NGF-like cytokine) is sufficient to promote survival of SCG neurons. Neuronal density of SCG neurons was significantly enhanced when co-cultured with PG for 7 days compared to SCG cultured alone. SCG survival and neurite formation in PG co-cultures was less than in SCG treated with exogenous NGF (100 ng/ml). The neurotrophic effect of PG co-cultures was abolished when 1% anti-NGF was added to the medium. Co-cultures of SCG neurons with established 7-day PG cultures induced extensive SCG neurite formation within 24 hr compared to SCG co-cultured with 1-day PG cultures. This suggests that PG neurotrophic effects are due to PG non-neuronal cells (nnc) that proliferate to confluency by 7 days in culture. S-antigen-positive pinealocytes did not proliferate in culture. There was decreased SCG survival when neurons were seeded onto PG cultures that had been previously killed by drying, which suggests that the neurotrophic effects of nnc are not substrate-dependent. Immunocytochemical characterization of PG nnc revealed a heterogenous mixture of astrocytes, macrophage/ microglia, and fibroblasts. These findings support the hypothesis that NGF is actively secreted by PG and that nnc are the principal source of this neurotophin.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-079X.1995.tb00169.x

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Regulation of synaptic ribbons in rat pineal gland explants by norepinephrine and sympathetic neurons in a co-culture model (1995)

McNulty, John A. ; Madsen, Torsten M. ; Tsai, Shih-Yen ; [et al.]

Springer

Cell & tissue research 283 (1995), S. 59-66

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ISSN: 1432-0878

Keywords: Key words: Synaptic ribbon ; Pineal gland ; Co-culture ; Norepinephrine ; Sympathetic ganglia ; Rat (Wistar ; Sprague Dawley)

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Medicine

Notes: Abstract. The hypothesis that synaptic ribbons in the mammalian pinealocyte are influenced by adrenergic mechanisms was tested in the present study using a co-culture model of pineal glands and superior cervical ganglia from neonatal rats. Pineal gland explants survived and showed a high degree of differentiation when cultured for up to 30 days regardless of the presence or absence of superior cervical ganglia. Pineal glands also had neurotrophic properties promoting the survival and neurite extension from superior cervical ganglia. Synaptic ribbons were a common ultrastructural feature in all pineal cultures. There was a significant decline in synaptic ribbon numbers when co-cultured with superior cervical ganglia for both 7 and 30 days. A similar significant decrease in synaptic ribbon frequency was observed after treatment of pineal explants with norepinephrine (10−5 M) for both 7 and 30 days. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that neural mechanisms play an important role in regulating synaptic ribbon numbers, at least during early development. The study also illustrates the utility of pineal gland-superior cervical ganglia co-cultures as a model for future investigations of neuron-target interactions in the pineal.