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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacological evidence of alpha1- and alpha2-adrenergic supersensitivity in orthostatic hypotension due to spinal cord injury: a case report (1991)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 41 (1991), S. 593-596 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Paraplegia ; alpha-adrenoceptor supersensitivity ; orthostatic hypotension ; catecholamines ; clonidine ; midodrine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Sympathetic efferent pathways and alpha-adrenergic receptivity were investigated in one patient with spinal cord transection (D1 level) and orthostatic hypotension. The lack of increase in catecholamine plasma levels during orthostasis and the paradoxical pressor effect of clonidine (2 μg/kg orally) suggested complete interruption of efferent sympathetic pathways. The pressor response to exogenous noradrenaline was significantly higher in the patient than in 6 normal controls (0.09 vs 0.72 μg·kg−1), indicating supersensitivity of vascular α-adrenoceptors. The platelet α2-adrenergic receptor number, measured with [3H]yohimbine, was 507 in the patient vs 178 fmol·mg−1 protein in controls. The increase in systolic blood pressure induced by 10 mg midodrine, a specific α1-agonist, was significantly higher in the patient (δ=56 mm Hg) than in controls (δ=15 mm Hg). The results indicate that in the patient there was α-adrenergic supersensitivity both of α1- and α2-adrenoceptors. This led to successfully oral treatment of the orthostatic hypotension with clonidine 150 μg bd and midodrine 10 mg bd.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00314991
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of yohimbine on sympathetic responsiveness in essential hypertension (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 44 (1993), S. 199-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Hypertension ; α2-Adrenoceptors ; Yohimbine ; plasma catecholamines ; α1-adrenoceptors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have studied the sympathetic response to blockade of presynaptic α2-adrenoceptors in essential hypertension by measuring plasma concentrations of noradrenaline after a single oral dose of yohimbine, an α2-adrenoceptor antagonist. Mean baseline plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline concentrations were similar in the hypertensive and normotensive groups. Yohimbine (0.2 mg×kg−1 orally) caused a lesser increase in the plasma concentrations of noradrenaline in hypertensive patients (+67%) than in normotensive subjects (+178%) and a pressor response in hypertensive (but not in normotensive) patients. These results are consistent with an alteration in the balance of α-adrenoceptors (for example presynaptic α2-adrenoceptor desensitization and post-synaptic α1-adrenoceptor hyper-responsiveness) which would help to develop and/or maintain arterial hypertension.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315481
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacodynamic effects of chronic yohimbine treatment in healthy volunteers (1990)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 39 (1990), S. 447-451 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Yohimbine ; alpha2-adrenoceptors ; platelets ; catecholamines ; NEFA ; insulin ; aggregation platelet ; side effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of 14 days of treatment with the alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist yohimbine on cardiovascular parameters (blood pressure and heart rate), plasma catecholamines, insulin and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), and the number of alpha2-adrenoceptors on platelets have been evaluated. The treatment increased plasma noradrenaline but not adrenaline and did not change the other cardiovascular, metabolic or routine blood parameters. It caused a decrease in the velocity of adrenaline-induced platelet aggregation, although [3H]-yohimbine binding to platelets remained unchanged. Acute administration of yohimbine before the experiment led to a significant increase in plasma noradrenaline and NEFA levels. After the 15 day treatment, acute administration of the same dose of yohimbine had less effect on plasma NEFA and there was no significant change in plasma noradrenaline. The acute lipid-mobilizing effect of yohimbine in healthy volunteers persisted after the 14 days of treatment with no change in other parameters. The prolonged alpha2-adrenoceptor blockade with yohimbine did not induce any change in platelet alpha2-adrenoceptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00280934
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spectral analysis of blood pressure and heart rate, catecholamine and neuropeptide Y plasma levels in a new model of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension in dog (1996)
    Springer
    Clinical autonomic research 6 (1996), S. 75-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1619-1560
    Keywords: orthostatic hypotension ; sino-aortic denervation ; tilttest ; spectral analysis ; catecholamines ; neuropeptide Y
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The aim of the study was to compare changes in blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) variability, catecholamine and neuropeptide Y (NPY) plasma levels induced by passive head-up tilt in normal and sino-aortic denervated (SAD) chloralose-anaesthetized dogs. In controls, 80° head-up tilt test failed to change BP and increased HR. Plasma noradrenaline and NPY levels (but not adrenaline) significantly rose. In SAD dogs, head-up tilt rest induced a marked and reproducible decrease in BP without any change in HR or noradrenaline and NPY plasma levels. In SAD dogs, spectral analysis in supine position was characterizied by reduced variability in the high frequency (HF) band of the HR spectrum without changes in low frequency (LF) bands of both HR and systolic blood pressure (SBP). Head-up tilt test increased the LF component of SBP variability and decreased the HF component of HR variability in controls but failed to modify HR and BP variabilities in SAD dogs. In conclusion, sino-aortic denervation in dogs elicits a reproducible postural fall in BP with impaired adaptation of sympathetic nervous system activity. This model may be of value in evaluating the pharmacological effects of drugs for the management of orthostatic hypotension.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02291227
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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