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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fatigue anisotropy in single crystal Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3 (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 88 (2000), S. 7272-7277 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Fatigue rates in the Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3 perovskite solid solution were investigated for different compositions in the rhombohedral and tetragonal phases in a variety of directions, at various field levels. It was found that the fatigue rates depend on both the ferroelectric phase and crystallographic orientation. In the rhombohedral phase when the field is applied along the [001]C direction (where the direction is given in terms of the cubic prototype), excellent fatigue resistance was obtained. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1314325
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Piezoelectric properties of zirconium-doped barium titanate single crystals grown by templated grain growth (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 86 (1999), S. 1657-1661 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Single crystals of Ba(ZrxTi1−x)O3 were grown by templated grain growth (TGG). Millimeter size single crystals of Ba(ZrxTi1−x)O3 were produced by heating a BaTiO3 crystal in contact with a sintered polycrystalline matrix of 4.5, 5.0, or 8.5 mol % Zr-doped barium titanate for 30 h at 1350 °C. To facilitate boundary migration, the ceramic compact was made 3 mol % TiO2 excess. The 4.5 and 5.0 mol % Zr-doped crystals were orthorhombic at room temperature, and for a pseudocubic (001) orientation, they showed remanent polarizations of 13 μC/cm2 and a high field d33 of 340–355 pC/N. The 8.5 mol % Zr-doped crystal [again oriented along the pseudocubic (001)] was rhombohedral at room temperature with a remanent polarization of 10 μC/cm2. A k33 value of 0.74 from resonance measurements was observed for the 4.5 mol % Zr-doped crystal. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.370943
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dielectric and piezoelectric properties of sol–gel derived lead magnesium niobium titanate films with different textures (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 568-574 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The piezoelectric and dielectric constants for Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3 (PMN–PT, 70/30) films with different orientations were measured. PMN–PT films were deposited on Pt(111)-passivated silicon substrates using a modified sol–gel process. The room temperature dielectric constants K for the {100}-oriented films were 2500–2600, while K for {111}-oriented films were 1900–2000. In both cases tan δ was less than 0.03. The dependence of the piezoelectric coefficient d31 of the PMN–PT films on the poling fields was investigated. The d31 coefficients of {100}-oriented PMN–PT films were found to range from −28 to −69 pC/N with poling field. The {100}-oriented PMN–PT films showed larger piezoelectric coefficient than {111}-oriented films. The d33 coefficients of the 1.5 μm thick {100} oriented PMN–PT films were ∼170–183 pC/N. The aging rate of −d31 was ∼4%–10%/decade. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1324685
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modeling Optical Changes in Perovskite Capacitor Materials Due to dc-Field Degradation (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 88 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The depth sensitivity of spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) to the presence of oxygen vacancies (VO••), in perovskite titanates, was examined over the wavelength range from 250 to 750 nm. To determine the effect of oxygen vacancy concentration, reference optical properties of barium titanate (BaTiO3) and Fe-doped SrTiO3 were determined for oxidized and reduced samples. These reference data were used to model the sensitivity of SE to changes due to degradation. Using these models, it was found that SE could detect reduced layers of 4 Å for BaTiO3 and an 8 Å layer for Fe-doped SrTiO3. From the models, concentration gradients were resolvable by SE with an average diffusion depth (√Dt) of 10 Å for BaTiO3 and 50 Å for Fe-doped SrTiO3. These models also predict that SE should be able to discern different degradation mechanisms through the way the optical properties change during degradation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2004.00011.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fabrication and Electrical Properties of Textured Sr0.53Ba0.47Nb2O6 Ceramics by Templated Grain Growth (2000)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 83 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Textured Sr0.53Ba0.47Nb2O6 ceramics with a relative density of 〉95% were fabricated using templated grain growth (TGG). Acicular KSr2Nb5O15 template particles synthesized via a molten salt process were aligned by tape casting in a mixture of solid-state-synthesized SrNb2O6 and BaNb2O6 powders. The resulting ceramics possessed strong fiber texture along the polar axis ([001]) of the strontium barium niobate. Samples with 15.4 wt% templates attained a textured fraction of 0.82 after sintering at a temperature of 1450°C for 4 h. These materials showed peak dielectric constants of 7550 at 1 kHz, remanent polarizations of 13.2 μC/cm2, saturation polarizations of 21 μC/cm2 (60%–85% of the single-crystal value), piezoelectric strain coefficients of 78 pC/N (70%–85% of the single-crystal value), and room-temperature pyroelectric coefficients of 2.9 × 10−2μC·(cm2·°C)−1 (52% of the single-crystal value). These results show that TGG is a viable option for accessing single-crystal properties in polycrystalline ceramics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2000.tb01536.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polarization fatigue in Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3 ferroelectric single crystals (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 5100-5106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3 (PZN–PT) single crystal ferroelectrics have been studied to determine the relative rates of polarization fatigue. It was recently found that ferroelectrics with the rhombohedral phase in the PZN–PT solid solution have essentially no polarization fatigue in the [001]C directions (all of the orientations in this article will be given in terms of the prototype cubic (m3m) axes, denoted by the subscript C). In this study, we expand upon this observation to correlate fatigue rates more completely with respect to composition, orientation, temperature, and electric field strength. It is inferred that an engineered domain state in relaxor based ferroelectric crystals with the spontaneous polarization inclined to the normal of the electrode is associated with negligible or no fatigue at room temperature. However, if thermal history, temperature, or field strength induces a phase transition that produces a polarization parallel to the normal of electrode, these orientations fatigue. The relative fatigue rates are also studied as a function of temperature. In directions, such as [111]C in the ferroelectric rhombohedral phase, the polarization fatigues at room temperature, but as temperature is increased the fatigue rate systematically decreases. This is explained in terms of a thermally activated process that limits the net fatigue rate of ferroelectrics. In summary, this article gives information on the polarization states and orientation that control fatigue in ferroelectric crystals with a relaxor end member. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1335819
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bismuth zinc niobate pyrochlore dielectric thin films for capacitive applications (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 767-774 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Bi2O3–ZnO–Nb2O5 pyrochlore thin films were prepared on platinum coated Si wafers using a metalorganic deposition process. The structures, morphologies, and dielectric properties of films with two compositions: (Bi1.5Zn0.5)(Zn0.5Nb1.5)O7 and Bi2(Zn1/3Nb2/3)2O7, were investigated. Thin films of (Bi1.5Zn0.5)(Zn0.5Nb1.5)O7 have a cubic pyrochlore phase when crystallized at 550 °C or higher. The crystal structure of Bi2(Zn1/3Nb2/3)2O7 thin films was dependent on the firing temperature; the films showed the cubic pyrochlore phase at temperatures below 650 °C, and a pseudo-orthorhombic pyrochlore structure at 750 °C. A mixture of cubic and pseudo-orthorhombic structures was found in thin films crystallized at 700 °C. (Bi1.5Zn0.5)(Zn0.5Nb1.5)O7 films fired at 750 °C had a dielectric constant of ∼150 and a negative temperature coefficient of capacitance of −400 ppm/°C. Bi2(Zn1/3Nb2/3)2O7 thin films fired at 750 °C had a smaller dielectric constant of ∼80 and a positive temperature coefficient of capacitance of 150 ppm/°C. The dielectric constants of the thin films are composition, structure, and firing temperature dependent. The loss tangents of both types of films were smaller than 0.008. Bias voltage dependence of dielectric constant showed that the cubic (Bi1.5Zn0.5)(Zn0.5Nb1.5)O7 films fired at 750 °C were tunable, while the pseudoorthorhombic Bi2(Zn1/3Nb2/3)2O7 films were nearly field independent. The relatively large dielectric constants, small loss tangents, controllable temperature coefficients of capacitance, and tunability of the dielectric constant suggests that Bi2O3–ZnO–Nb2O5 thin films have potential applications for integrated microwave components and decoupling capacitors. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1328408
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sensing characteristics of in-plane polarized lead zirconate titanate thin films (1999)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 75 (1999), S. 4180-4182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The sensing characteristics of in-plane polarized lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin films were studied and compared with the through-thickness polarized PZT films. The in-plane polarized PZT films were deposited on ZrO2-passivated silicon substrates and had interdigitated electrode systems on the top surface; hence, they can be polarized in the film plane. This in-plane polarization configuration separates the electrode spacing and film thickness as independent variables; thus, the voltage sensitivity can be increased by using wider electrode spacing even for fixed film thickness. The results show that for films with a thickness of 1 μm the voltage sensitivity of in-plane polarized PZT films can be more than 20 times higher than that of the conventional, through-thickness polarized PZT films which were deposited on Pt-buffered silicon substrates. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.125575
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of Templated Grain Growth of 0.65Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3·0.35PbTiO3 (2001)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 84 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Single-crystal layers of 0.65Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3·0.35PbTiO3 (PMN-35PT) were grown heteroepitaxially on {001}-BaTiO3 template crystals. A {001}-BaTiO3 crystal was embedded in a fine-grained matrix of PMN-35PT containing excess PbO and heated between 950° and 1150°C for 0–5 h. The initial growth of the PMN-35PT on the {001} surface and the growth of the matrix grains both displayed a t1/3 dependence which is characteristic of diffusion-controlled growth. Growth was limited to ∼100–150 μm due to the significantly reduced driving force at longer times because of matrix coarsening and porosity evolution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2001.tb01044.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molten Salt Synthesis of Anisotropic Sr2Nb2O7 Particles (1999)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 82 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Growth of Sr2Nb2O7 particle size in KCl melts occurs by reaction on insoluble Nb2O5 particles in the melt. Thus, Sr2Nb2O7 size is controlled by the initial size of the reactants. By altering the reactant composition to include larger Nb-rich reactants such as SrNb2O6, 5-30 µm, anisotropic Sr2Nb2O7 particles are formed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1999.tb01956.x
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