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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Landscape Ecology: The Effect of Pattern on Process (1989)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 20 (1989), S. 171-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4162
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.20.110189.001131
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Indices of landscape pattern (1988)
    Springer
    Landscape ecology 1 (1988), S. 153-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9761
    Keywords: index ; dominance ; contagion ; fractal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Landscape ecology deals with the patterning of ecosystems in space. Methods are needed to quantify aspects of spatial pattern that can be correlated with ecological processes. The present paper develops three indices of pattern derived from information theory and fractal geometry. Using digitized maps, the indices are calculated for 94 quadrangles covering most of the eastern United States. The indices are shown to be reasonably independent of each other and to capture major features of landscape pattern. One of the indices, the fractal dimension, is shown to be correlated with the degree of human manipulation of the landscape.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00162741
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scale of heterogeneity of forage production and winter foraging by elk and bison (1995)
    Springer
    Landscape ecology 10 (1995), S. 75-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9761
    Keywords: Yellowstone National Park ; foraging ecology ; foraging hierarchy ; snow ; landscape ecology ; ungulates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The relationship between fine-scale spatial patterns of forage abundance and the feeding patterns of large ungulates is not well known. We compared these patterns for areas grazed in winter by elk and bison in a sagebrush-grassland landscape in northern Yellowstone National Park. At a fine scale, the spatial distribution of mapped feeding stations in 30 m × 30 m sites was found to be random where there were no large patches devoid of vegetation. In areas similar to the mapped sites, the underlying spatial distribution pattern of biomass was also determined to be random. At a broad scale, forage biomass differed among communities across the northern range but forage quality did not. These results suggest that ungulates are feeding randomly within forage patches (fine scale) but may select feeding sites based upon forage abundance at broader, landscape scales. Contrary to what has been suggested in other systems, ungulates were not ‘overmatching’ at finer scales.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00153825
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resource utilization scales and landscape pattern (1988)
    Springer
    Landscape ecology 2 (1988), S. 63-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9761
    Keywords: percolation theory ; probability theory ; landscape ecology ; scale ; pattern
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The spatial patterning of resources constrains the movement of consumers on the landscape. Percolation theory predicts that an organism can move freely if its critical resource or habitat occupies 59.28% of the landscape. Sparse resources require an organism to operate on larger resource utilization scales. Multiple critical resources necessitate larger scales, while substitutable resources ease the scale requirements. Contagious spatial patterns require larger scales to permit movement between resource clusters. The study indicates a strong link between spatial pattern and ecological processes on a landscape.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00138908
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantifying scale-dependent effects of animal movement with simple percolation models (1989)
    Springer
    Landscape ecology 3 (1989), S. 217-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9761
    Keywords: scale ; landscape ; critical threshold ; extrapolate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A simple model of animal movement on random and patterned landscapes was used to explore the problems of extrapolating information across a range of spatial scales. Simulation results indicate that simple relation- ships between pattern and process will produce a variety of scale-dependent effects. These theoretical studies can be used to design experiments for determining the nature of scale-dependent processes and to estimate parameters for extrapolating information across scales.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00131540
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alternative model formulations for a stochastic simulation of landscape change (1994)
    Springer
    Landscape ecology 9 (1994), S. 37-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9761
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Two stochastic model formulations, one using pixel-based transitions and the other patch-based, were compared by running simulations where the amount of information on which transitions were based was increased. Both model types adequately represented changes in the proportion of the landscape occupied by different land cover types. However, the pixel-based model underestimated contagion and overestimated the amount of edge. The patch-based model overestimated contagion and underestimated edge. Overall, the estimates more closely approximated the expected and the variances decreased as more information was added to the models. As expected, the model that most closely simulated the spatial pattern of the landscape was a 5-data-layer patch-based model that also included ownership boundaries as an additional layer. The simulation methods described provide a means to integrate socioeconomic and ecological information into a spatially-explicit transition model of landscape change and to simulate change at a scale similar to that occurring in a landscape.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00135077
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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