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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genotypic identification of staphylococcal enterotoxins and toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 by the enzymatic detection of polymerase chain reaction-amplified DNA (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of infection and chemotherapy 2 (1996), S. 90-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-7780
    Keywords: enterotoxins ; toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1) ; polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The enzymatic detection of a polymerase chain reaction product (ED-PCR), a new detection method of PCR-amplified DNA, was evaluated for the identification of staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) and toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1) genes. A total of 61Staphylococcus aureus strains, including reference strains and strains isolated from clinical specimens and food poisoning outbreaks, were examined by ED-PCR and by reverse passive latex agglutination (RPLA) phenotypic identification. There was 100% agreement between the genotypic and phenotypic identification of SEA, SEB, SEC, SEE strains and TSST-1. In the case of SED, however, 4 strains were positive by ED-PCR and negative by RPLA. ED-PCR offers an accurate alternative to traditional immunoassays or conventional PCR using electrophoresis for the detection of SE and TSST-1 production yielding results that are more precise than with older techniques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02350847
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Incidence of penicillin-resistantstreptococcus pneumoniae in Japan, 1993–1995 (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of infection and chemotherapy 1 (1996), S. 177-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-7780
    Keywords: surveillance ; PRSP ; serotyping ; antibiotic susceptibility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The Working Group for PRSP was organized through the participation of 40 institutions to investigate the incidence of penicillin (Pc)-resistantStreptococcus pneumoniae (PRSP) in Japan. We collected 2410S. pneumoniae clinical isolates between October 1994 and March 1995. The susceptibility to Pc, erythromycin, and minocycline was determined by an agar dilution method using Mueller-Hinton agar supplemented with 5% sheep blood. Pc-susceptibleS. pneumoniae (PSSP) were defined as bacteria for which the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was ≤0.06 μg/mL; Pc-intermediateS. pneumoniae (PISP) as those for which the MIC ranged from 0.125 to 0.25 μg/mL; PRSP, as those with a MIC≥0.5μg/mL. The incidence of resistant strains including PISP and PRSP was 41.8% in 1994 and 40.8% in 1995. Logistic regression analysis showed that PRSP was significantly more frequent in infants aged 0 to 2 years old than in the general population and PSSP was significantly more frequent in elderly patients aged 60 or older. The rate of PRSP was significantly higher in the throat than in the sputum. Among 10 regions studied nationwide, PRSP was detected less frequently in the areas of Hokkaido and Hokuriku and more frequently in the areas of Chugoku, Shikoku, and Kyushu. Most PRSP were resistant to erythromycin and minocycline. PSSP serotyping using the capsule-quellung reaction indicated a number of types. In contrast, most PISP and PRSP were serotyped to types 19, 23, and 6.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02350645
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro evaluation of the activity of β-lactams, new quinolones, and other antimicrobial agents againstStreptococcus pneumoniae (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of infection and chemotherapy 2 (1996), S. 213-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-7780
    Keywords: Streptococcus pneumoniae ; antibiotic susceptibility ; bactericidal-killing kinetics ; β-lactam antibiotics ; macrolides ; new quinolones
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The in vitro activities of the β-lactam and quinolone antibiotics panipenem, cefpodoxime, cefdinir, cefditoren, faropenem, tosufloxacin, levofloxacin and grepafloxacin were compared with similar conventional antibiotics against penicillin-resistantStreptococcus pneumoniae (PRSP). Pneumococcal isolates collected from October 1994 to March 1995 (n=1283) consisted of penicillin-susceptibleS. pneumoniae (PSSP; 59.2%), penicillin-intermediately-resistantS. pneumoniae (PISP;11.2%), and PRSP (29.6%). The isolates were highly susceptible to panipenem, faropenem and cefditoren with MIC90 values of 0.125 μg/mL, 0.5 μg/mL and 0.5 μg/mL, respectively. Correlation coefficients for the relationships between the MICs of these β-lactam agents and that of penicillin G ranged from γ=0.7652 to γ=0.8022. These new β-lactam agents produced excellent bactericidal responses at concentrations greater than their MICs for PSSP concomitant with appropriate cellular morphologic changes. However, the bactericidal action of these antibiotics against PRSP was less pronounced and fewer instances of cell lysis were observed. The MIC90 of cefpodoxime was similar to that of cefaclor, whereas that of cefdinir was between those of faropenem and cefpodoxime. The MIC distribution of the new quinolone agents showed 1 peak, but the MIC90 values of tosufloxacin and grepafloxacin were both 0.5 μg/mL and that of levofloxacin was 2.0 μg/mL. Only 1% of all isolates demonstrated cross-resistance to all quinolone agents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02355118
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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