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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Statistical evaluation of dendritic growth models (1991)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 53 (1991), S. 579-589 
    Details
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A mathematical model (Kliemann, W. 1987.Bull. math. Biol. 49, 135–152.) that predicts the quantitative branching pattern of dendritic tree was evaluated using the apical and basal dendrites of rat hippocampal neurons. The Wald statistics for χ2-test was developed for the branching pattern of dendritic trees and for the distribution of the maximal order of the tree. Using this statistic, we obtained a reasonable, but not excellent, fit of the mathematical model for the dendritic data. The model's predictability of branching patterns was greatly enhanced by replacing one of the assumptions used for the original model “splitting of branches for all dendritic orders is stochastically independent”, with a new assumption “branches are more likely to split in areas where there is already a high density of branches”. The modified model delivered an excellent fit for basal dendrites and for the apical dendrites of hippocampal neurons from young rats (30–34 days postpartum). This indicates that for these cells the development of dendritic patterns is the result of a purely random and a systematic component, where the latter one depends on the density of dendritic branches in the brain area considered. For apical dendrites there is a trend towards decreasing pattern predictability with increasing age. This appears to reflect the late arrival of afferents and subsequent synaptogenesis proximal on the apical dendritic tree of hippocampal neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02458630
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of lumbar and sacral afferent axons in submucosa of cat urinary bladderSupported by U.S.P.H.S. Grant NS06055. (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 183 (1975), S. 579-587 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Lumbar and sacral afferent axons in the submucosa of the urinary bladder were recognized by degeneration in seven cats subjected to spinal ganglionectomies. Of 2,935 observed terminating axon profiles, 145 were found degenerating. Lumbar afferent axons were 3.7 times more numerous than sacral afferent axons in the submucosa, a reversal of the ratio reported for the muscle coat of the bladder. Sacral afferent axons were evenly distributed to different regions of the bladder, but lumbar afferents were concentrated in the bladder neck. Apparent endings in the submucosa of the urinary bladder were principally free nerve endings. Synaptic vesicles were found in 57% of observed terminating axon profiles. The bladder neck had more terminating axon profiles of all kinds than other regions of the urinary bladder.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091830408
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of sacral afferent axons in cat urinary bladderSupported by U.S.P.H.S. grant NS-06055 and Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station grant 2618H. Approved for publication as Scientific Journal Series Paper 7835, Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station, St. Paul. (1973)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 136 (1973), S. 305-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Terminal axon density was examined in five selected regions of the urinary bladder in five cats. The trigone region had more terminal axons than other bladder regions. Extra-terminal axons in the trigone were outside muscle fascicles and thought to be afferent axons related to the hypogastric nerve.In four of the cats, afferent axons of the pelvic nerve were identified by degeneration following sacral spinal ganglionectomy. The afferent axons were distributed equally to all regions of the bladder, implying that micturition sensitivity is not preferentially organized in the bladder. One-third of the sacral afferent axons crossed to the contralateral side of the bladder. This bilateral redundancy constitutes a safety feature. Afferent terminal axons were more numerous outside than inside muscle fascicles. Morphologically, afferent terminations outside muscle fascicles appeared to be tension receptors, while terminations inside the fascicles are candidates for volume receptors. The greatest number of degenerating terminal axons was found 14 days after ganglionectomy. Thirteen percent of degenerating axons contained agranular vesicles, and these were presumed to be autonomic postganglionic neurons with cell bodies in spinal ganglia.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001360305
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of lumbar afferent axons in muscle coat of cat urinary bladderSupported by U.S.P.H.S. grant NS06055 and Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station grant 2618H. (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 139 (1974), S. 389-397 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Lumbar spinal ganglia, L2,3,4 were ablated in four cats to determine the distribution of degenerating lumbar afferents in the urinary bladder. Bladders were collected at 7, 14, 21 and 35 days following ganglionectomy. Six regions of the urinary bladder were sampled bilaterally and examined ultrastructurally in each cat. Overall, 3,033 terminal axons were counted, of which 2.6% were degenerating; of these, 9% had synaptic vesicles and were interpreted as efferent axons of postganglionic neurons with cell bodies in spinal ganglia. Lumbar afferents were most numerous in the trigone region, followed next by the ventral neck region; regions cranial to the ureters had similar small populations of lumbar afferents. A similar distribution pattern was observed for terminal axons containing granular synaptic vesicles. The relative concentration of lumbar innervation caudal to the ureters seems to account for the increased density of terminal axons observed in this region. Lumbar afferents were distributed bilaterally to the bladder and were numerically similar within and outside muscle fascicles. Ultrastructural evidence supports the position that bladder receptors are free nerve endings except for sparse Pacinian corpuscles.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001390307
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