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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plaque Assay with Protein A-coated Erythrocytes for the Evaluation of Human Immunoglobulin-secreting Cells Induced by Pokeweed Mitogen (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 10 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Cells secreting IgM, IgG and IgA were evaluated in cultures of human peripheral blood lymphocytes stimulated in vitro with pokeweed mitogen by a haemolytic plaque assay using protein A-coated erythrocytes in the presence of class-specifie antisera. Kinetic study revealed that immunoglobulin-secreting cells appeared after 3 days of culture and peaked between days 5 and 7. IgM-secreting cells predominated throughout the culture period. This plaque assay is a useful and sensitive in vitro test for the evaluation of polyclonal B-cell activation in humans and may provide a good approach to the study of disturbances in the synthesis of the various classes of immunoglobulins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1979.tb01354.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyclonal Activation of Human B Lymphocytes in Vitro by Pokeweed Mitogen: a Simple Technique for the Simultaneous Assessment of Cell Proliferation, Generation of Plasma Cells, Plaque-forming Cells and Immunoglobulin Production (1978)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 8 (1978), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A simple technique has been worked out for the simultaneous assessment of cell proliferation, generation of plasma cells, plaque-forming cells and immunoglobulin production from single cultures of 1 × 104 human peripheral blood lymphocytes stimulated with pokeweed mitogen (PWM). Kinetic studies showed that number of cells, thymidine incorporation rate, number of plaque-forming cells against fluorescein-isothiocyanate-haptenated sheep erythrocytes and concentration of IgM and IgG in the supernatant peaked on the average between day 5 and 7 of culture. This technique is particularly suitable for the analysis of hypogammaglobulinaemias in infancy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1978.tb00548.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Different role of secretory IgA in the pathogenesis of RAST-positive and RAST-negative atopic dermatitis (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 12 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Secretory-IgA (SIgA) concentrations were determined in whole saliva, unstimulated or stimulated by lemon juice, of thirty-eight children with atopic dermatitis, which comprised three adolescents, sixteen with IgE detected by RAST to one or more common allergen and twenty-two without specific IgE by RAST. There were thirty healthy controls matched for age and sex.The mean amount of total IgE was significantly greater in the RAST-positive than in the RAST-negative group. The mean SIgA concentration in unstimulated saliva of the RAST-positive atopic dermatitis group was less than that of the RAST-negative atopic dermatitis group and control groups, though the mean concentrations of SIgA of stimulated saliva were not significantly different in the three groups. It is suggested that the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis may differ in children with or without specific-IgE antibodies; in those who were RAST-positive deficient exclusion of allergen by the intestinal barrier contributed to the pathogenesis, but not in those who were RAST-negative.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1982.tb02545.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting of residual antigenicity in hydrolysed protein formulas (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 25 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Extensively hydrolysed protein formulas are widely used as an alternative diet for children with cow's milk allergy. Partially hydrolysed protein formulas have been noted in some studies as useful in the prevention of allergy in infants at high risk of atopy. Although normally well tolerated, these ‘hypoallergenic’ products have been reported to cause serious immunological reactions in very sensitive subjects.Objective Starting from these considerations, we studied some commercial hydrolysed formulas in search of biological data supporting the observed clinical reactions.Methods We set up an electrophoretic method sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) which allowed us to study the molecular weight of peptides contained in hydrolysed products. Then, using the immunoblotting technique we evaluated the reactivity of circulating IgE (from serum of children allergic to cow's milk proteins) with the residual intact proteins and with the peptides present in these formulas.Results Both group of milk proteins (caseins and whey proteins) were important allergens for children included in this study. The presence of high-molecular polypeptides was shown in partial hydrolysed formulas as such and in extensive hydrolysed products after protein enrichment by trichloroacetic acid (TCA) precipitation. Intact residual proteins were mainly responsible for the formation of FgE-antigen complexes observed in immunoblotting. More rarely, polypeptides of partial hydrolysed formulas were involved in immunological responses.Conclusions Both partial and extensive hydrolysed formulas could induce clinical reactions in very sensitive subjects. These responses are mainly associated with allergy to the small amounts of residual intact proteins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1995.tb01113.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against casein components of cow milk for evaluation of residual antigenic activity in ‘hypoallergenic’ infant formulas (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 27 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Hydrolysed casein and whey protein formulas have been developed with the aim of preventing sensitization in infants at high risk of cow milk allergy. Subsequently these products have also been used tor treatment of children with cow milk allergy. However, severe reactions have occurred in some allergic infants led with these formulas raising doubts about their absolute safety and suggest the need for developing in vitro techniques for detection of eventual residual allergenic activity in such preparations.Objectives Our purpose was to evaluate the usefulness of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against casein components (αβ and κ casein) as reagents for the detection of the residual antigenic activity of casein components in several hydrolysed formulas.Methods The monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies were produced according to standard procedures by immunizing female Balb/c mice with casein fraction (a mixture of α, β and κ casein). ELISA assays were developed to test the specificity of the antibodies and to detect and evaluate the amount of residual antigenic activity of the casein components in hydrolysed formulas.Results Use of polyclonal antiserum specific for casein allowed detection of residual antigenic activity of casein components in all partial hydrolysates and in the two extensive whey protein hydrolysates in the amounts ranging from 0.05 to 0.67% of total protein. No such activity was detectable in either the two extensive casein hydrolysates tested or the aminoacid based formula. The polyclonal antiserum proved to be more suitable than monoclonals for detecting residual antigenic activity in the hydrolysates. The monoclonal antibodies were directed against epitopes expressed on different casein components.Conclusions In this study the ELISA inhibition assay with polyclonal antibodies specific for casein components of cow milk proved to be a sensitive method for estimating residual antigenicity in the hydrolysed formulas commercially available for infants with cow milk allergy suggesting their potential application for the quality control of hypoallergenic infant formulas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1997.tb01238.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of immunoblotting and monoclonal antibodies to evaluate the residual antigenic activity of milk protein hydrolysed formulae (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 26 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Partial and extensive hydrolysed protein formulae have been developed to lower or eliminate the antigenicity of milk proteins. Although normally well tolerated, extensive hydrolysutes have been reported to induce serious allergic reactions in very sensitive children. Moreover, clinical praetice has often raised concern about the role of partial hydrolysates in cow's milk allergy prevention.Objective Starting from these considerations, we used anti-casein monoclonal antibodies to evaluate the presence of residual antigenic activity in both partially and extensively protein hydrolysates.Methods Electrophoretic analyses associated with immunoblotting technique were performed using nine protein-enriched commercial formulae.Results The presence of different amounts of residual intact cow's milk proteins and/or polypeptidic material with conserved antigenic activity (according to the extensive or partial hydrolysis) was verified in most milk-based samples considered.Conclusion The use of monoclonal antibodies and immunoblotting could be useful for the quality control of commercial hypoaliergenic' formulae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1996.tb00506.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Activation of Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes: Effect of Concanavalin A and Lipopolysaccharide on in Vitro Synthesis of DNA and Immunoglobulins (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 12 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We studied the Interaction of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and concanavalin A (Con A) with regard to IgM and IgG production in in vitro cultures of human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) In our system LPS alone over a wide range Of concentration did not stimulate detectable IgM or IgG production, while Con A at optimal (6 μg ml) and suboptimal (0.6 μg/ml) mitogen concentration induced synthesis of small amounts of Ig. A marked enhancing effect was present when both Con A and LPS were added to the cultures. The different doses of LPS had similar effect on both classes of Ig, and typical dose-response curves were obtained. To evaluate the cellular basis of this synergism, the effect on cell proliferation was studied undo identical experimental conditions in normal subject and patients with X-linked agammaglobulinaemia (X-LA). Parallel cultures were set up after monocyte depletion by adherence on petri dishes. On day 3, increasing doses of LPS were associated with progressive decreases in 3H-thymidine (3H-TdR) Incorporation. Similar result were obtained with normal lymphocytes and those from X-LA patients. Monocyte depletion did not substantially after the lymphocyte response pattern. The preferential Induction of helper activities, either directly by helper stimulation or indirectly by suppressor minimum, is suggested us a possible mechanism of the Interaction observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1980.tb00054.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peripheral blood ‘Rosette forming lymphocytes’ in Down's syndrome (1974)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 30 (1974), S. 818-819 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Riassunto La reattività alla fitoemoagglutinina e la capacità di formare «rosette» con eritrociti di montone dei linfociti di sangue periferico è risultata significativamente depressa in soggetti adulti affetti da sindrome di Down. Si può ritenere che la funzione timo-dipendente vada incontro in questi pazienti ad un deterioramento assai più rapido che nella popolazione generale.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01924204
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atopy as a minimal immunodeficiency? (1978)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 129 (1978), S. 221-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Atopy ; Immunodeficiency ; Immunoglobulin E ; IgA deficiency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Despite impressive recent advances in the understanding of the chemical and cellular bases of the reaginic response, the pathogenesis of atopic diseases still remains a matter of speculation. The frequent finding of atopic diseases in some primary immunodeficiencies such as selective IgA deficiency and the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome offers a unique opportunity for studying the immune mechanisms underlying the genesis of atopy. Recent studies in subjects with selective IgA deficiency have challenged the well known hypothesis that atopy is the result of defective “immune exclusion” by the secretory immune system. A number of immunological features found in the primary immunodeficiencies associated with atopic disorders suggest that defective homeostatic mechanisms regulating reaginic responses may play a major role in the pathogenesis of atopy. A thorough analysis of these disease combinations may help to generate new working hypotheses concerning the immune pathogenesis of atopic diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00441353
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Familial haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in two brothers: Possible relationship between impaired immune function and clinical picture of graft-versus-host disease (1984)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 142 (1984), S. 306-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Graft-versus-host disease ; Familial haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00540262
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