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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serum concentrations of interferon-γ and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 eight years after an early respiratory syncytial virus infection (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 35 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection may influence the development of recurrent wheezing and atopy, but the mechanisms are unclear.Objective The purpose was to evaluate serum concentrations of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), CD14, IgE, IL-5 and IFN-γ in children 6–10 years after an RSV infection and their correlation with subsequent asthma and atopy.Methods Fifty-one subjects admitted to hospital for RSV infection during the first year of life and controls matched for birth date and sex underwent clinical examinations including lung function, skin prick and blood tests.Results The RSV subjects had significantly higher serum concentrations of IFN-γ and sICAM-1 than the controls (for IFN-γ 224.9 pg/mL (standard deviation (SD) 271.3) vs. 187.1 pg/mL (372.9), difference 37.8 pg/mL, 95% confidence interval (CI) −90.3 to 166.0, P=0.05; for sICAM-1 170.2 ng/mL (SD 63) vs. 147.8 ng/mL (SD 57), difference 22.4 ng/mL, 95% CI −1.4 to 46.1, P=0.04). The RSV subjects with asthma had significantly higher concentrations of IFN-γ than the controls with asthma, and the RSV subjects with wheezing during the previous 12 months had significantly higher concentrations of both IFN-γ and sICAM-1 than the controls with wheezing.Conclusions Children hospitalized for RSV infection in infancy still differ in IFN-γ and sICAM-1 production 6–10 years after the infection. The data suggest that the pathomechanism of asthma and wheezing after an early RSV infection may be different from that of children without an early RSV infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.02125.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diet, serum fatty acids, and atopic diseases in childhood (2001)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 56 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: The reasons behind the reported increase in the occurrence of childhood atopic sensitization rates are unclear. We wanted to evaluate the association between dietary fats, serum fatty acids, and the occurrence and development of atopic diseases. Methods: From a longitudinal database of a population-based sample, 231 sex- and age-matched pairs in 1980 and 154 pairs in 1986 were chosen, between whom we compared the dietary data, serum fatty acid composition, and occurrence of atopic diseases. The same variables were also compared between those who developed atopic disease later and those who did not during the 9-year follow-up. Results: Examination of the dietary data in 1980 for those who had developed atopic disease compared with those who had remained healthy showed that the atopic children had used less butter before the expression of atopy. According to the cross-sectional data, the children with atopic disease consumed more margarine (mean 8.6 vs 7.3 [P=0.04]), and less butter (mean 9.4 vs 11.6 g/1000 kcal [P=0.002]), than the nonatopic children in 1980. Differences supporting these dietary findings were similarly found in the serum fatty acid data. Conclusions: The diet of the atopic children differed from that of the nonatopic children in the consumption of polyunsaturated fat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.2001.056005425.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Association of an early respiratory syncytial virus infection and atopic allergy (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 58 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes postbronchiolitic wheezing but its role in allergic sensitization is controversial. The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of an early RSV infection on allergic sensitization.Methods: Seventy-six subjects were examined 6–10 years after hospitalization for RSV infection during the first year of life. Fifty-one subjects (68%) attended clinical studies and 25 filled in a questionnaire. The study protocol included lung function, skin-prick and blood tests. The controls were matched for birth date and sex.Results: Eight per cent of the subjects and 37% of the controls had at least one positive skin-prick test (SPT) (difference −35%, 95% CI −50 to −19%, P 〈 0.0001). Allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis and asthma occurred as often in both groups, but asthma had been diagnosed significantly earlier in the subjects than in the controls [mean age 3.0 years (SD 2.6) and 5.6 years (SD 3.0), difference 2.6 years, 95% CI 0.57–4.65, P = 0.014]. In a logistic regression analysis, RSV infection was associated with negative SPTs.Conclusions: An early RSV infection results in reduction of SPT positivity but not of occurrence of atopic diseases. This finding might explain why there is less atopic sensitization in countries with a greater probability of acquiring RSV infection at an early age.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.2003.00233.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Subjects with allergic rhinitis show signs of more severely impaired paranasal sinus functioning during viral colds than nonallergic subjects (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 58 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background:  Viral cold is thought to be the major contributing factor in the pathogenesis of sinusitis, as it causes ostiomeatal obstruction. The aim was to evaluate whether paranasal sinus functioning during viral colds is similar in subjects with and without allergic rhinitis.Methods:  Forty-eight volunteers were examined during an early (2–4 days) natural cold and again 3 weeks later. The examinations included computed tomography (CT) scans, nasal mucosal biopsies, and viral and bacterial specimens. Subjects with positive skin prick tests and persistent or intermittent rhinitis were considered to have allergic immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated rhinitis. In addition, specific IgE antibodies to staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) were measured.Results:  Nine subjects (19%) had allergic rhinitis. The allergic subjects were significantly more often IgE sensitized to SEB than the nonallergic subjects (33%vs 3%, P = 0.02). Viral etiology of the cold was identified in 32 (67%) subjects. The subjects with allergic rhinitis had significantly higher CT scores compared with nonallergic subjects during the colds (median (range) scores 16 (6–22) vs 6 (0–17), P = 0.004). In both groups, the median scores declined markedly during convalescence, but the difference remained significant (P = 0.009). Among the allergic subjects, those who were IgE sensitized to SEB tended to have the highest CT scores [median (range) 16 (16–22)]. Total serum IgE and the nasal subepithelial eosinophil counts correlated with the CT scores during the cold (rs = 0.38, P = 0.008 and rs = 0.46, P = 0.001, respectively).Conclusions:  Subjects with allergic IgE-mediated rhinitis had more severe paranasal sinus changes in CT scans than nonallergic subjects during viral colds. These changes indicate impaired sinus functioning and may increase the risk of bacterial sinusitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.2003.00252.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of insulin in clustering of serum lipids and blood pressure in children and adolescents (1995)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 38 (1995), S. 1042-1050 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; longitudinal ; clustering ; children ; adolescents ; serum lipoproteins ; blood pressure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In adults hyperinsulinaemia is associated with an atherogenic risk profile including obesity, low levels of HDL-cholesterol, high levels of triglycerides and elevated blood pressure. To examine these associations in the young we studied the cross-sectional relationships of insulin with obesity indices (body mass index, subscapular skinfold thickness), serum lipids and blood pressure in 1,865 children, adolescents and young adults aged 6–24 years. We also used longitudinal data to study the value of a single insulin measurement to predict high risk factor levels and clustering of multiple risk factors after a 6-year follow-up. In cross-sectional analyses the levels of triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, systolic blood pressure and obesity indices were usually significantly different across the quartiles of fasting insulin in both sexes among children, adolescents and young adults. In general, no associations were seen with total cholesterol or LDL-cholesterol. In prospective analysis elevated baseline insulin was related to the incidence of hypertriglyceridaemia (≥95th percentile) at the follow-up. This relationship persisted even after adjustments for baseline obesity or 6-year change in obesity status. Moreover, baseline insulin concentration was higher in subjects who subsequently showed clustering of high triglycerides, low HDL-cholesterol and high systolic blood pressure levels at the follow-up. We conclude that high fasting insulin levels measured in children and adolescents predict the development of hypertriglyceridaemia years later. In addition, high insulin levels seem to precede the development of a potentially atherogenic risk factor profile including low HDL-cholesterol, high triglycerides and high systolic blood pressure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00402173
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of insulin in clustering of serum lipids and blood pressure in children and adolescents The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study (1995)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 38 (1995), S. 1042-1050 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words Insulin ; longitudinal ; clustering ; children ; adolescents ; serum lipoproteins ; blood pressure.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In adults hyperinsulinaemia is associated with an atherogenic risk profile including obesity, low levels of HDL-cholesterol, high levels of triglycerides and elevated blood pressure. To examine these associations in the young we studied the cross-sectional relationships of insulin with obesity indices (body mass index, subscapular skinfold thickness), serum lipids and blood pressure in 1,865 children, adolescents and young adults aged 6–24 years. We also used longitudinal data to study the value of a single insulin measurement to predict high risk factor levels and clustering of multiple risk factors after a 6-year follow-up. In cross-sectional analyses the levels of triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, systolic blood pressure and obesity indices were usually significantly different across the quartiles of fasting insulin in both sexes among children, adolescents and young adults. In general, no associations were seen with total cholesterol or LDL-cholesterol. In prospective analysis elevated baseline insulin was related to the incidence of hypertriglyceridaemia (≥ 95th percentile) at the follow-up. This relationship persisted even after adjustments for baseline obesity or 6-year change in obesity status. Moreover, baseline insulin concentration was higher in subjects who subsequently showed clustering of high triglycerides, low HDL-cholesterol and high systolic blood pressure levels at the follow-up. We conclude that high fasting insulin levels measured in children and adolescents predict the development of hypertriglyceridaemia years later. In addition, high insulin levels seem to precede the development of a potentially atherogenic risk factor profile including low HDL-cholesterol, high triglycerides and high systolic blood pressure. [Diabetologia (1995) 38: 1042–1050]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00402173
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Middle ear effusion among children diagnosed and treated actively for acute otitis media (1998)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 157 (1998), S. 731-734 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Acute otitis media ; Middle ear effusion ; Upper respiratory tract infection ; Tympanometry ; Children
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We assessed the point prevalence of middle ear effusion among day care children in an area where acute otitis media is diagnosed, treated and followed actively. Minitympanometry was used to screen 850 day care centre attendants aged 0.6 to 6.9 years (mean 3.7 years). Tympanometry was performed by two trained nurses at the day care centres and pneumatic otoscopy was done by a paediatrician when effusion was suspected. We found 60 (7.1%) children to have middle ear effusion, which was bilateral in 23 (2.7%) cases. Of the children with bilateral effusion 13 had respiratory symptoms fulfilling the criteria of acute otitis media, 8 of them had experienced acute otitis media during the past 3 weeks and were diagnosed to have otitis media with effusion, and only 2 (0.2%) were asymptomatic children not identified earlier. Of the 37 (4.4%) children with unilateral effusion, 14 had acute otitis media and 23 otitis media with effusion, of whom 12 children (1.4%) had not been identified earlier. The point prevalence of acute otitis media was 3.2% and that of otitis media with effusion 3.9%. Conclusion We conclude that active diagnosis and treatment of acute otitis media practically eliminates such middle ear effusion that could cause significant hearing impairment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004310050924
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The radiological evaluation of children with hypertension (1979)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 132 (1979), S. 147-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Children ; Hypertension ; Roentgenological evaluation ; Renal angiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The value of radiological examinations in hypertension was analyzed in a series of 44 children. An i.v. urography had been performed in 43 cases with a pathological finding in 19 (44%). Renal angiography, employed in 19 cases, revealed abnormal findings in 12 (63%) patients. Micturating urethrocystography performed in 16 children gave no additional important information. The only complication noted was thrombosis of the femoral artery subsequent to renal angiography in one child less than one year of age. The diagnosis of hypertension based mainly on the i.v. urography in 12 cases but the renal angiography gave additional important information in 6 children. One child with obstructive hydronephrosis was also found to have a renal artery stenosis at renal arteriography. Based on these results, and particularly because secondary hypertension may frequently be treated surgically, we consider extensive radiological investigation with renal angiography is mandatory before receiving a final diagnosis of essential hypertension, and before starting long-term treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00442430
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hepatotoxicity of rifampicin and isoniazid in children treated for tuberculosis (1980)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 134 (1980), S. 227-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Hepatotoxicity ; Rifampicin ; Children ; Tuberculosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In order to determine the hepatotoxicity of rifampicin in children treated for tuberculosis, a survey was performed of 18 children receiving this medicine in combination with isoniazid. Fifteen of the 18 children (83%) showed a rise in ASAT values and 11 (61%) in ALAT values exceeding 39 U/L. Seven children with maximal ASAT values between 40 and 100 U/L were treated without any changes in the regimen and the transaminases normalized later in the treatment. Six out of the eight children with ASAT values over 100 U/L were allowed a three-week pause in their therapy, one was given the same dose of rifampicin, and in one the treatment was discontinued entirely. The therapy was discontinued in an additional three children because of a second high rise in the transaminase values. Liver injury can occur at any time during treatment, and thus makes continuous follow-up tests necessary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00441477
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Central nervous system involvement in severe arterial hypertension of childhood (1979)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 132 (1979), S. 141-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Neurological complications ; Arterial hypertension children
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The case histories of 125 children with hypertension and no apparent primary CNS disease were analyzed for neurological symptoms or complications. Eleven children had neurological symptoms of high blood pressure. In only one of these patients was the diagnosis of arterial hypertension made before the observation of the neurological findings. The symptoms were severe headache in eight children, convulsions and coma in four, hemiplegia in two, and impaired vision and apraxia in one child. Symptomatology was rapidly reversed by antihypertensive treatment in four children, while six had long-term stigmata and one child died in hypertensive crisis. Because elevated arterial pressure can cause severe neurological disease, routine blood pressure measurement in children—especially those with neurological symptomatology—is stressed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00442429
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