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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The natural history of chronic urticaria and angioedema in patients visiting a tertiary referral centre (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 146 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Data on the natural history and prognostic variables of chronic urticaria and its subtypes are scarce. Method In order to inform our patients better about their prognosis we conducted an historical cohort study of patients who visited a tertiary referral centre at a university hospital between 1968 and 1990. Of 950 patients who were seen in our clinic we could trace 544 patients by using telephone directories, general practitioner records and population registers. These patients were sent a questionnaire. Results The response to the questionnaire was 68·4% (372 patients). Patients with severe disease and longer lasting disease at the time of the first visit proved to have a worse prognosis than patients with milder disease. The proportion cleared after 5 and 10 years was 29% and 44%, respectively. Dermographism showed the best prognosis and cold urticaria the worst. Patients with idiopathic urticaria without angioedema and the patients with angioedema did not differ significantly in prognosis. Conclusions Although in this retrospective study patients with severe disease may have been more inclined to respond, we may conclude that the study results indicate a very refractory course of chronic urticaria in patients visiting a specialized dermatological unit. The study is not comparable with studies in patients visiting a general practitioner or a dermatology unit in a general hospital, but highlights the chronicity of the disease in this subgroup of patients with severe urticaria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2002.04582.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toxic Pustuloderma associated with clemastine therapy (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental dermatology 21 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2230
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Toxic Pustuloderma is an acute pustular eruption of the skin occurring a few days after the initiation of treatment with the responsible drug. A case of toxic pstuloderma following treatment with the antihistamine clemastine is now reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2230.1996.tb00099.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A left–right comparison of UVB phototherapy and topical photochemotherapy in bilateral chronic hand dermatitis after 6 weeks' treatment (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental dermatology 22 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2230
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We have compared the efficacy of local UVB phototherapy with topical (bath) photochemotherapy in 13 patients with bilateral chronic hand dermatitis. In each patient, one hand was treated with UVB phototherapy and the other hand with topical (bath) photochemotherapy. Both treatments moderately improved the chronic hand dermatitis after 6 weeks' treatment. We observed no significant differences in improvement between the modalities, but side-effects occurred more often on the photochemotherapy-treated side. Considering the similar responses and relative incidence of side-effects, we would advise starting treatment with UVB phototherapy and only using topical photochemotherapy if this fails.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2230.1997.1640585.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Treatment of palmoplantar lichen nitidus with acitretin (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 130 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We report a patient with lichen nitidus of the palms of the hands and the toes, whose skin lesions responded to treatment with acitretin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb03421.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A functional study of the skin barrier to evaporative water loss by means of repeated cellophane-tape stripping (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental dermatology 15 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2230
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The functional role of different layers of the horny layer in preventing evaporative water loss was studied by an adhesive cellophane-tape stripping technique. The increase in transepidermal water loss, as described by a mathematical equation based on curve-fitting analysis, was shown to be proportional to the decrease in thickness of the horny layer. In the second half of the curve the experimental data showed slightly higher transepidermal-water-loss values than would be expected on the basis of proportionality with thickness of the stratum corneum. The data suggest that the outer layers of the horny layer are also important in forming a barrier to evaporative water loss.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2230.1990.tb02068.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Eczematous (irritant and allergic) reactions of the skin and barrier function as determined by water vapour loss (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental dermatology 10 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2230
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The aim of this study was to compare the influence of irritant and allergic reactions on the barrier function of the skin and to correlate disturbances of barrier function with macroscopically visible changes.For this purpose, the skin of the volar side of the forearm was exposed to nickel sulphate (5%), sodium lauryl sulphate (5%), dimethyl sulphoxide (50%) and phenol (5%) during a period of 48 h. Distilled water served as control.The exposures were made in a test panel of 23 female subjects consisting of a group of 14 patients with positive skin reactions to nickel sulphate and nine controls in whom no evidence of skin disease was found.Both skin water vapour loss measurements and a ‘visual scoring sytem’ (based on erythema, fissuring and scaling) were used to assess the effects of the substances on the skin. The test sites exposed to nickel sulphate were also read for allergic reactions.In both groups all test substances caused an increase in skin water vapour loss in comparison with distilled water. The increase was found to be statistically significant for nickel sulphate, sodium laury I sulphate and dimethyl sulphoxide (α= 0·05).Erythema was consistently elicited by the test substances, particularly by sodium lauryl sulphate. In addition, dimethyl sulphoxide regularly caused fine cracks (chapping).The correlation between erythema and the increase in water vapour loss after exposure of the skin to an irritant varied considerably from substance to substance and was poor for nickel sulphate (5%) and phenol (5%) and negative for dimethyl sulphoxide (50%). A significant correlation was found for sodium lauryl sulphate (5%). This implies that a linear relationship between barrier function impairment and damage to the viable cells of deeper layers of the skin may not be assumed beforehand.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2230.1985.tb00557.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vulnerability of the skin to surfactants in different groups of eczema patients and controls as measured by water vapour loss (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental dermatology 10 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2230
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Healthy unaffected skin of the volar side of the forearm of patients with eczema and of controls was exposed during a period of 48 h to a 100 μl of a 2 g/v% solution of eight surfactants and distilled water by the large Finn chamber method.The effect of this ‘standardized skin insult’ was evaluated by means of skin water vapour loss measurements, using the Servo Med Evaporimeter. Clear differences in reaction as caused by the different surfactants could be observed.The subgroup of patients with atopic dermatitis reacted more severely than the subgroup of healthy controls with respect to the synthetic detergents. The alkaline soaps were tolerated relatively well in this group. No significant differences in reaction upon the exposure of the surfactants could be noted between the subgroup of patients with irritant contact dermatitis and the subgroup of healthy controls.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2230.1985.tb00535.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transepidermmal water vapour loss is not increased during and following dithranol irritation (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 132 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Dithranol is established as a very successful treatment for psoriasis. Its main disadvantages are irritation and staining at sites of application. The aim of the present study was to elucidate further the mechanism of dithranol-induced irritation, in particular to what extent this is related to an impairment of the skin barrier.Dithranol 3% in cream, paste and petrolatum was applied to the forearm skin of 20 volunteers and left in situ for 1 h. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) was measured during a period of 2 weeks following dithranol application. In addition, a visual scoring system and colorimetry were used to assess erythema.The study showed conclusively that TEWL was not affected by the application of dithranol, even though pronounced erythema occurred.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1995.tb16947.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in epidermal proliferation and differentiation in allergie and irritant contact dermatitis reactions (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 133 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Allergie and irritant contact dermatitis are similar clinically, histologically and on immunohistochemistry. In the present investigation, we assessed whether study of the recruitment of cycling epidermal cells. and the expression of keratin 16 and involucrin. are of use in differentiating between the response to contact allergens and the response to the irritant detergent sodium lauryl sulphate. Both allergie and irritant challenges induced epidermal proliferation, and the expression of keratin 16 and involucrin, but the dynamics were different. Two and 3 days after challenge, a highly significant difference between the allergie and irritant reactions was observed with respect to involucrin expression assessed by MON-150 staining.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1995.tb02621.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The inflammatory and proliferative response of normal skin in a model for acute chemical injury: ornithine decarboxylase induction as a common feature in various models for acute skin injury (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 130 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Application of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) on the skin of healthy volunteers was used as a model for acute chemical injury. The time course of the response with respect to cell proliferation was studied using ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity. Erythema, polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMN) infiltration, and the induction of epidermal antiproteinase activity (SKALP/elafin) were used as markers for the inflammatory response. ODC induction was similar to that in other models of acute skin injury, such as tape-stripping and ultraviolet light radiation. The amount of PMN infiltration correlated with erythema, but not with ODC induction. In contrast with findings in the tape-stripping model, no induction of SKALP/elafin activity was found after SDS application.We conclude that cell proliferation as measured by ODC induction is a common feature in the various models for skin injury. Both the kinetics and the intensity of the inflammatory response, and the induction of epidermal antiproteinase activity, appear to vary, depending on the specific model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb03409.x
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