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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of immunoreactive multiple forms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the brain of the antarctic fish, Notothenia coriiceps (1998)
    Springer
    Polar biology 20 (1998), S. 352-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Previous studies have shown that different gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) molecular forms are present in different groups of bony fish. In the present study, we have investigated the possible influence of the antarctic environmental contributions upon the distribution and biochemical patterns of GnRH- related molecules. The immunocytochemical distribution of GnRH-like peptides has been studied in the brain of the antarctic fish, Notothenia coriiceps, using antisera raised against three variants of GnRH: mammalian (m-GnRH), chicken (cII-GnRH) and salmon (s-GnRH). cII-GnRH immunoreactivity appears confined to cell bodies located in the lateral hypothalamus, the ventral thalamus and the midbrain rostral tegmentum; immunoreactive nerve fibers densely innervated the hypothalamic periventricular region. By contrast, m-GnRH-like immunoreactive neurons are present exclusively in the torus semicircularis of the mesencephalon and in the outer plexiphorm layers of the optic tectum. These findings suggest that cII-GnRH-like peptides appear to function as hypophysiotropic factors, as demonstrated in other species of bony fish, whereas m-GnRH-like peptides could be involved in modulatory pathways of vestibular and visual functions of  N. coriiceps. Incubation with s-GnRH antiserum failed to prove the occurrence of immunoreactive elements; consequently, at least two molecular forms related to cII-GnRH and m-GnRH seem to act as hypophysiotropic and neuromodulatory factors in the brain of Notothenia coriiceps. Moreover, m-GnRH immunoreactivity in ependymal tanycytes suggests the involvement of such specialized glial cells in neuroendocrine function by linking the cerebrospinal fluid and the median eminence, as demonstrated in mammals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003000050313
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunoreactive atrial natriuretic peptide and autoradiographic distribution of atrial natriuretic peptide binding sites in the brain of the Antarctic fish, Chionodraco hamatus (2000)
    Springer
    Polar biology 23 (2000), S. 691-698 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The anatomical distribution of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)-immunoreactive structures and the autoradiographic localization of ANP binding sites were studied in the brain of the Antarctic fish, Chionodraco hamatus. ANP-containing elements were colocated with ANP binding sites in the dorsal medial and lateral subdivisions of the telencephalon, prethalamic nuclear complex, and in the nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus of the mesencephalon. However, mismatching was observed in other brain regions, particularly at mesencephalic and metencephalic levels. In the pituitary, ANP immunoreactivity occurred only in the pars distalis, whereas ANP binding sites were localized in the whole pituitary. In this paper we describe the occurrence of ANP immunoreactivity and ANP binding sites in the brain and pituitary of an Antarctic fish. In particular, in the cerebellum and pituitary of C. hamatus, ANP binding sites are distributed in corresponding brain regions of dipnoans, amphibians and mammals. The immunocytochemical and histoautoradiographic data suggest that ANP acts as neuromodulator in the brain of C. hamatus. Moreover, the presence of ANP-like substances in tanycytes lining the diencephalic ventricle suggests a chemosensorial role for such liquor-contacting cells and a possible modulatory effect of ANP on the osmoregulation of the cerebrospinal fluid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003000000140
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuropeptide Y: localization in the brain and pituitary of the developing frog (Rana esculenta) (1996)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 285 (1996), S. 253-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Neuropeptide Y ; Brain ; Pituitary ; Development ; ontogenetic ; Frog ; Rana esculenta (Anura)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The immunohistochemical localization of neuropeptide Y (NPY)-like peptide has been investigated in the peripheral terminal nerve, brain and pituitary of the frog, Rana esculenta, during development. Soon after hatching, a rather simple NPY-immunoreactive (-ir) neuronal system is present, with elements located mainly in the diencephalon. When hind limbs appear and develop, the NPY-neuronal system undergoes considerable elaboration and NPY-ir perikarya appear in several regions of the telencephalon (dorsal, medial, and lateral pallium; medial septum; medioventral telencephalon; anterior preoptic area), diencephalon (ventromedial, central and posterior thalamic nuclei; suprachiasmatic nucleus; infundibulum), mesencephalon (anteroventral mesencephalic tegmentum), and rhombencephalon (central grey; area of the cerebellar and vestibular nuclei). The frequency of NPY-ir neurons increases during larval development, and then decreases in the anterior preoptic area during the metamorphic climax. Dense plexuses of NPY-ir fibers are formed in several brain areas. NPY-ir fibers are found in the peripheral terminal nerve, and ir-neurons through its course along the ventromedial surface of the olfactory bulbs. NPY-ir fiber projections to the median eminence and pars intermedia derive mainly from the ventral infundibular group of NPY-ir neurons, with a contribution from the suprachiasmatic group of NPY neurons. NPY and carboxyl terminal flanking peptide of proneuropeptide Y coexist in the same neurons throughout the brain. The ontogenetic pattern of NPY-ir neuronal system in the brain of Rana esculenta is remarkably different than that reported for Xenopus laevis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050642
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical localization of vasotocin-like immunoreactivity in the brain of the cartilaginous fish, Scyliorhinus caniculus (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 262 (1990), S. 507-513 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Immunocytochemistry ; Vasotocin ; Hypothalamus ; Neurosecretory fibers ; Scyliorhinus canicula (Elasmobranchii)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of vasotocin-like peptides in the central nervous system of the cartilaginous fish Scyliorhinus canicula was determined by indirect immunofluorescence and peroxidase anti-peroxidase techniques, using a specific antiserum raised in rabbits against synthetic vasotocin. Immunoreactive perikarya were mainly detected in the anterior hypothalamus, within the midcaudal part of the preoptic nucleus. The most rostral positive cell bodies were located in the dorso-lateral parts of the preoptic area, whereas at a more caudal level, they took a ventro-medial position within the deepest layers of the nucleus. Throughout the preoptic region these cells varied in shape according to their location. Occasionally, scattered vasotocin-like immunopositive cells were also identified in the nucleus periventricularis hypothalami. Vasotocin immunoreactivity was detected in numerous varicose nerve fibers of the preopticohypophysial tract. These fibers were seen to course through the medio-basal hypothalamus and caudally, after having passed the hypophysial stem, they reached the neurointermediate lobe of the pituitary. Numerous immunoreactive fibers were also observed within the rostro-medial region of the median eminence. At this level the fibers were in close proximity to the capillary loops. In the preoptic region, some stained cells exibited short processes that appeared to contact non-reactive perikarya. By comparing the distribution of vasotocin- and corticotropin-releasing factor immunoreactivity on adjacent then serial sections, it was revealed that these peptides, in S. canicula, do not coexist in the same perikarya. The present results, are compared with those obtained in other vertebrate groups, and their possible functional implications are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00305246
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical localization of POMC-derived peptides (adrenocorticotropic hormone, α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone and β-endorphin) in the pituitary, brain and olfactory epithelium of the frog, Rana esculenta, during development (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 278 (1994), S. 509-516 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Brain ; Pituitary gland, pars intermedia and pars distalis ; Olfactory epithelium ; Adrenocorticotropic hormone ; α-MSH-β-Endorphin ; Frog, Rana esculenta (Anura)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Developmental stages of Rana esculenta, starting with the posterior limb-bud stage (stage 26) up to a few days after metamorphosis, were examined immunohistochemically to localize cells and fibers producing some POMC-derived peptides, namely, α-MSH, ACTH and β-END. Anti ACTH and anti α-MSH revealed a positive reaction in the pars intermedia during all stages of development included in this study, whereas no immunoreactivity in this pituitary zone was ever evidenced with anti β-END. In the pars distalis strongly positive cells were seen with anti ACTH and anti β-END, while anti α-MSH yielded weakly positive cells. Interestingly, these peptides were colocalized in the same cells. Immunoreactivity for α-MSH was no longer present in the pars distalis during metamorphic climax and postmetamorphosis. In the brain of premetamorphic tadpoles, belonging to stages 26 to 30, a few neurons in the posterior telencephalon showed a positive reaction only with anti α-MSH,but from stage 31 (prometamorphosis) onwards, ACTH and β-endorphin-like peptide producing cells, together with α-MSH-immunoreactive cells, were seen in this region and in the anterior preoptic area and infundibulum. This situation persisted in the subsequent stages of development. Anti α-MSH also revealed weakly positive cells in the olfactory epithelium in premetamorphic tadpoles; strong immunoreactivity with anti α-MSH was seen in olfactory epithelium cells in animals during prometamorphosis, metamorphic climax and postmetamorphosis. The possible significance of these findings is briefly discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00331368
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical localization of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in the brain of the lizard, Lacerta muralis (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 237 (1984), S. 521-524 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: α-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone ; α-MSH-like peptide ; Immunocytochemistry ; Hypothalamus ; Lizard (Lacerta muralis)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) was studied in the brain of the lizard Lacerta muralis by means of immunocytochemical staining methods. α-MSH-like containing cells were found in the ventro-lateral preoptic area and the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei. Some scattered cells staining for α-MSH were also detected in the mesencephalo-diencephalic boundary region, while numerous α-MSH-like nerve fibres were localized in the medial eminence. No reaction was observed after the use of antiserum preabsorbed with synthetic antigen. These findings suggest that an α-MSH-like peptidergic system could possibly be involved in the hypothalamo-hypophysial regulation and/or play a role as neurotransmitter in this animal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00228436
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Occurrence of bombesin-like immunoreactivity in the brain of the cartilaginous fish,Scyliorhinus canicula (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 259 (1990), S. 177-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Bombesin-like peptide ; Immunocytochemistry ; Hypothalamus ; Neurosecretory ; Fibers ; Scyliorhinus canicula (Elasmobranchii)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The presence and distribution of bombesin-like material were investigated in the brain of the cartilaginous fishScyliorhinus canicula using conventional immunocytochemical techniques. Perikarya containing bombesin-like immunoreactivity were identified in the hypothalamus, within the magnocellular component of the preoptic nucleus. Some immunopositive elements appeared to be of cerebrospinal fluid-contacting type. Beaded immunoreactive fibers were seen crossing the ventral telencephalon and the whole hypothalamus. An important tract of fibers was found in the infundibular floor and in the median eminence, in close contact with the vascular system of the pituitary portal plexus. A moderate number of positive fibers innervated the habenular complex and the dorsal wall of the posterior tuberculum. These findings indicate that a neuropeptide strictly related to amphibian bombesin is located in specific hypothalamic neurons ofS. canicula. The distribution of the immunoreactive fibers and terminals suggests that, in fish, this peptide, may be involved in neuroendocrine and neuromodulator functions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00571441
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organization of atrial natriuretic factor-like immunoreactive system in the brain of the frog Rana esculenta during development (1998)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 293 (1998), S. 47-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Atrial natriuretic factor ; Brain ; Development ; Rana esculenta (Anura)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Immunocytochemical distribution of the atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) has been studied in the brain and pituitary of the anuran Rana esculenta during development and in juvenile animals. Using human ANF and rat α-ANF antisera, immunoreactive cell bodies and nerve fibers were revealed in stage II–III tadpoles and in successive larval stages. Soon after hatching, stages II–III, the ANF-like-immunoreactive elements were confined to the preoptic area-median eminence complex. During successive stages of development, new groups of ANF-immunoreactive cell bodies appeared. In larval stage VI, immunoreactive perikarya were found in the rostral part of the anteroventral area of the thalamus and numerous ANF-like-immunoreactive cells appeared in the pars distalis of the pituitary. In larval stages XIV and XVIII, the distribution of ANF immunoreactivity was virtually similar. The ANF-immunoreactive cells in the preoptic nucleus and in the pituitary pars distalis were comparatively more abundant than in stage VI. During the metamorphic climax (stages XXI–XXII), a new group of ANF-immunoreactive cell bodies appeared in the rostral part of the ventrolateral area of the thalamus. During this stage, ANF-immunoreactive fiber projections were found in the pars intermedia for the first time. However, the pars distalis cells were very weakly immunofluorescent. The pattern of ANF immunoreactivity in the brain of juvenile animals was very similar to that described for stages XXI and XXII, whereas the pars distalis cells showed no immunoreactivity. It is conceivable that, early during development, ANF-related peptides may be involved in the regulation of pituitary secretion by means of autocrine mechanisms or may act as a classic pituitary hormone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051097
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical evidence for α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in the hypothalamus of the frog Rana esculenta (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 248 (1987), S. 559-563 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: α-MSH ; α-MSH-like peptide ; Hypothalamus ; Pituitary ; Immunocytochemistry ; Frog (Rana esculenta)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of immunoreactive α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) within the brain of the frog, Rana esculenta, has been studied on adjacent serial sections using an indirect immunofluorescence technique. Immunoreactive cell bodies are found in the anterior part of the preoptic nucleus and in some ventral subependymal cerebrospinal fluid-contacting elements, and in the nucleus infundibularis ventralis. Numerous α-MSH-like immunoreactive fibers are present in the preoptic area, in the pars ventralis of the tuber cinereum, and in the outer layer of the median eminence. This staining pattern is completely eliminated after preabsorbing the antiserum with the corresponding antigen, but blocking tests with α-MSH-related peptides do not lead to any change in the immunoreaction. From these results it may be inferred that an α-MSH-like system is present in the hypothalamic neurosecretory area of R. esculenta, and is probably related to its hypophysiotropic functions. The results are compared to the distribution of α-MSH within the hypothalamus of reptiles and mammals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216484
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical localization of vasotocin-like immunoreactivity in the brain of the cartilaginous fish, Scyliorhinus caniculus (1991)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 264 (1991), S. 389-389 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00313980
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