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  • 1
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key words Penicillium italicum ; Lanosterol 14α-demethylase ; Fungicides ; Sterol biosynthesis inhibitors ; Cytochrome P450
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The CYP51 gene encoding eburicol 14α-demethylase (P45014DM) was cloned from a genomic library of the filamentous fungal plant pathogen Penicillium italicum, by heterologous hybridisation with the corresponding gene encoding lanosterol 14α-demethylase from the yeast Candida tropicalis. The nucleotide sequence of a 1739-bp genomic fragment and the corresponding cDNA clone comprises an open reading frame (ORF) of 1545 bp, encoding a protein of 515 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 57.3 kDa. The ORF is interrupted by three introns of 60, 72 and 62 bp. The C-terminal part of the protein includes a characteristic haem-binding domain, HR2, common to all P450 genes. The deduced P. italicum P45014DM protein and the P45014DM proteins from Candida albicans, C. tropicalis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae share 47.2, 47.0 and 45.8% amino acid sequence identity. Therefore, the cloned gene is classified as a member of the CYP51 family. Multiple copies of a genomic DNA fragment of P. italicum containing the cloned P450 gene were introduced into Aspergillus niger by transformation. Transformants were significantly less sensitive to fungicides which inhibit P45014DM activity, indicating that the cloned gene encodes a functional eburicol 14α-demethylase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 24 (1995), S. 58-62 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Proton beams with an energy of 2.5 MeV and α beams with an energy of 4.8 MeV at small incident angles (0-35 mrad) were used to analyse surfaces by detecting x-rays (PIXE) and backscattered protons (RBS). The specimens consisted of a flat substrate, such as Si wafers or quartz, with a thin evaporated coating. PIXE detection limits were investigated as a function of angle. A minimum detection limit for Au, using L x-rays, was found to be 15% of an atomic layer using an incident angle of 16 mrad and 2.5 MeV protons. For angles between 4 and 20 mrad, both the PIXE and RBS yields drop drastically owing to reflection of the incoming ions. This was confirmed by ion trajectory calculations. At very small angles of a few mrad, was observed that the RBS yield drops faster than the x-ray yield, which indicates surface channelling.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 15 (1992), S. 411-426 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Navier-Stokes equations ; Incompressible ; Boundary-fitted co-ordinates ; Boundary conditions ; Invariant discretization ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The discretization of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equation on boundary-fitted curvilinear grids is considered. The discretization is based on a staggered grid arrangement and the Navier-;Stokes equations in tensor formulation including Christoffel symbols. It is shown that discretization accuracy is much enhanced by choosing the velocity variables in a special way. The time-dependent equations are solved by a pressure-correction method in combination with a GMRES method. Special attention is paid to the discretization of several types of boundary conditions. It is shown that fairly non-smooth grids may be used using our approach.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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