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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High rate single substrate polymer etching for multi- chip-modules (MCM) and off-chip-interconnect applications
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Microelectronic Engineering 17 (1992), S. 341-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 0167-9317
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0167-9317(92)90070-8
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Activity of cefotiam in combination with beta-lactam antibiotics on enterobacterial hospital strains (1990)
    Springer
    Pharmacy world & science 12 (1990), S. 104-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-739X
    Keywords: Antibiotics, lactam ; Cefotiam ; Drug therapy, combination ; Enterobacteriaceae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract By using checkerboard titrations the effect of cefotiam combined with different beta-lactam antibiotics on fifty strains of Enterobacteriaceae moderately susceptible (minimal inhibiting concentration ⩾8 mg/l) or resistant (minimal inhibiting concentration ⩾64 mg/l) to cefotiam was evaluated. The following compounds were tested: cefamandole, cefazolin, cefmenoxime, cefotaxime, cefotiam, ceftazidime, cefuroxime, mecillinam and piperacillin. The synergistic effect varied markedly. The combination cefotiam—mecillinam showed the highest rate of synergistic activity. Antagonism was found in 1% of the combinations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01967603
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Three-year survey of amikacin use and aminoglycoside resistance in a general hospital in Belgium (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 7 (1988), S. 183-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of intensive use of amikacin on the resistance levels to amikacin, gentamicin, tobramycin, netilmicin and dibekacin. The base-line resistance in the preamikacin phase (three months of amikacin use less than 1 %; 676 isolates) was 1.0 % for amikacin, 11.4 % for gentamicin, 8.0 % tobramycin, 6.2 % for netilmicin and 8.3 % for dibekacin. During the amikacin phase (36 months of average amikacin use of 89 %; 6048 isolates) there was no significant change in aminoglycoside resistance except for dibekacin (from 8.3 % to 10.9 %, 0.05〉p〉0.02). Isolated amikacin resistance was not observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01963076
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The comparative activity of pefloxacin, enoxacin, ciprofloxacin and 13 other antimicrobial agents against enteropathogenic microorganisms (1986)
    Springer
    Infection 14 (1986), S. 294-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In der vorliegenden Studie wurde die Aktivität von Pefloxacin, Enoxacin und Ciprofloxacin gegen 269 enteropathogene Stämme (Campylobacter jejuni, enteropathogeneEscherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Shigella spp.,Vibrio cholerae undYersinia enterocolitica) mit der Aktivität von Rosoxacin, Flumequin, Nitrofurazid, Erythromycin, Chloramphenicol, Ampicillin, Cefotaxim, Tetracyclin, Amikacin, Netilmicin, Sulfamethoxazol, Trimethoprim und Co-trimoxazol verglichen. Pefloxacin, Enoxacin und Ciprofloxacin waren immer unter den aktivsten Substanzen. Außerdem wurden keine resistenten Stämme oder Stämme mit erhöhten MHK-Werten gefunden. Mit Ausnahme vonC. jejuni lagen die MHK-Werte dieser drei Verbindungen für alle getesteten Stämme bei ≤ 0,25 mg/l. Die MHK-Werte von Pefloxacin und Enoxacin fürC. jejuni betrugen 0,3 mg/l bzw. 1,4 mg/l.
    Notes: Summary In this study, we compared the activity of pefloxacin, enoxacin and ciprofloxacin against 269 enteropathogenic strains (Campylobacter jejuni, enteropathogenicEscherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Shigella spp.,Vibrio cholerae andYersinia enterocolitica) with that of rosoxacin, flumequin, nifuroxazide, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, cefotaxime, tetracycline, amikacin, netilmicin, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim and co-trimoxazole. Pefloxacin, enoxacin and ciprofloxacin were always among the most active compounds. Furthermore, resistant strains or strains with elevated MIC values were not found. The MIC90 value for these three compouds was ≤ 0.25 mg/l, except forC. jejuni where it was 0.3 mg/l and 1.4 mg/l for pefloxacin and enoxacin, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01643966
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Moxalactam therapy of serious infections (1983)
    Springer
    Infection 11 (1983), S. 212-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 24 Patienten mit 25 schweren Infektionen, darunter 19 Septikämien, wurden mit Moxalactam behandelt. Bei 18 Patienten war die natürliche Abwehr gegen bakterielle Pathogene infolge schwerer Grundkrankheiten vermutlich beeinträchtigt. Die minimalen Hemmkonzentrationen von Moxalactam für die pathogenen Erreger betrugen mit einer Ausnahme weniger als 12 mg/l; einPseudomonas aeruginosa-Stamm wies eine MHK von 32 mg/l auf. Moxalactam wurde i.v. oder i.m. in Tagesdosen von 3 g bis 12 g gegeben. Sechs der Patienten litten an Harnwegsinfektionen (drei mit Bakteriämie), vier an Lungenabszessen (zwei mit Bakteriämie), fünf an septischer Thrombophlebitis (alle mit Bakteriämie) und zehn an verschiedenen anderen Infektionen (neun mit Bakteriämie). Bei 22 Patienten (92%) wurde ein Therapieerfolg erzielt. Bei vier Patienten (16.6%) traten Superinfektionen durch gegenüber Moxalactam hochresistente Erreger auf. Isoliert wurden dreimalStreptococcus faecalis, je einmalBacteroides fragilis undAspergillus flavus. Moxalactam wurde gut vertragen. Nebenwirkungen mäßigen Grades traten bei neun Patienten auf, dreimal vorübergehende Eosinophilie, zweimal Phlebitis, dreimal Anstieg der Leberenzyme und einmal Exanthem. Untersuchungen zur Moxalactam-Serumkinetik bei 15 Patienten mit normaler Nierenfunktion nach Infusion von 1 g i.v. über 30 min ergaben mittlere Spitzenspiegel von 82,8±12,1 (SE) mg/l, acht Stunden später mittlere Talspiegel von 6,2±1,7 (SE) mg/l, eine Serumhalbwertszeit von 2,6±0,6 (SE) h in der Beta-Phase und eine Plasma-Clearance von 76,8±8,2 ml/min. Moxalactam erwies sich als hochwirksames Mittel zur Behandlung lebensbedrohlicher Infektionen.
    Notes: Summary Twenty-four patients were treated with moxalactam for 25 serious infections. Nineteen patients were septicemic and 18 presented severe underlying diseases considered to impair the normal response to bacterial pathogens. All of the pathogens had MICs of less than 12 mg/l except onePseudomonas aeruginosa strain with an MIC of 32 mg/l. The dosage ranged from 3 to 12 g/day; the route of administration was either i.v. or i.m. The duration of treatment was six to 26 days. Six patients had urinary tract infections (three bacteremia), four had pulmonary abscesses (two bacteremia), five had septic thrombophlebitis (five bacteremia) and ten had miscellaneous infections (nine bacteremia). Twenty-two (92%) patients responded favourably. Four patients (16.6%) developed superinfections due to organisms highly resistant to moxalactam: threeStreptococcus faecalis, oneBacteroides fragilis and oneAspergillus flavus. Tolerance was good. Nine moderate adverse reactions were observed: three cases of transient eosinophilia, two of phlebitis, three hepatic enzyme alterations and one rash. Moxalactam kinetics were measured in serum from 15 patients with normal renal function after receiving 1 g i.v. over 30 min. The mean peak level after the infusion was 82.8±12.1 (SE) mg/l; the mean trough level 8 h later was 6.2±1.7 (SE) mg/l. The serum half-life was 2.6±0.6 (SE) h for the β phase. Plasma clearance was 76.8±8.2 ml/min. Moxalactam was found to be highly effective in the therapy of life-threatening infections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01641201
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Disk sensitivity testing forCampylobacter jejuni (1984)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 3 (1984), S. 160-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02014342
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