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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Pty
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 30 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. The effects of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors PD 98059 and U 0126, useful tools to investigate MAPK involvement in intracellular signal transduction pathways, were assessed on cardiomyocytes.2. In rat freshly isolated ventricular myocytes, under current-clamp conditions, PD 98059 (40 µmol/L) shortened the action potential. Under whole-cell patch-clamp, this compound slowly induced a fast activating sustained outward K+ current that was sensitive to 1 mmol/L Ba2+, 100 µmol/L Gd3+, 3 mmol/L 4-aminopyridine and 100 µmol/L tetracain. The PD 98059-induced current was prevented by 40 µmol/L AACOCF3, a cytosolic phospholipase A2 inhibitor.3. U 0126 (1 µmol/L), a recently developed highly potent p42/44 MAPK inhibitor, did not alter K+ currents.4. PD 98059, but not U 0126, increased arachidonic acid content, probably as a consequence of its reported cyclo-oxygenase inhibitory effect.5. These observations indicate that PD 98059 activates a TREK-1 like current. Thus, this MAPK inhibitor has to be used with caution because alterations in cell metabolism can be secondary to changes in electrophysiological behaviour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 20 (1988), S. 329-342 
    ISSN: 0022-2828
    Keywords: Creatine kinase ; Hamster hereditary cardiomyopathy ; Mitochondria ; Myofibrils ; Skinned ventricular muscle
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 18 (1986), S. 73 
    ISSN: 0022-2828
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    FEBS Letters 206 (1986), S. 292-298 
    ISSN: 0014-5793
    Keywords: (Rat heart) ; Carbachol ; Electrical stimulation ; Inositol phosphate ; Noradrenaline
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 341 (1973), S. 281-284 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Contractility ; Voltage Clamp ; Sodium Ions ; Veratrine ; Inotropic Effect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Veratrine alkaloids prolong the action potential and exert a positive inotropic effect in frog atrial muscle. In voltage-clamp experiments, veratrine sulphate slowed inactivation of the sodium system, thereby greatly increasing total sodium inward current and also tension; its effect on electrical and mechanical activity was blocked by tetrodotoxin. These findings indicate involvement of sodium ions in the inotropic action of veratrine alkaloids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Relaxation ; Na ions ; Na−Ca exchange ; Frog heart ; Cyclic AMP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Frog heart relaxation was analyzed under voltage clamp conditions as the tension decay observed after the membrane potential had been returned to its resting value. The tension decayed exponentially with a time constant of 188±3.8 ms SEM. The relaxation rate decreased with the external Na concentration. It fell to about one tenth in a Na-free solution. Increasing the intracellular Na-content by an application of veratrine also decreased the relaxation rate. Thus relaxation seems dependent on the Na gradient. The relaxation rate decreased within one second upon switching from a high to a low Na-containing solution. The relaxation rate reached a minimum before rising slightly to a new steady state value. This rebound may reflect the partial recovery of the Na gradient since a fast variation in [Na]i follows alteration of [Na]o. Mn and La ions also slowed relaxation. In a Na-free solution, adrenaline accelerated tension decay, an effect not noticeable in frog heart contained in Ringer solution. Other cAMP-promoting agents, such as dibutyryl-cAMP and aminophylline, also increased relaxation rate. It is concluded that in frog myocardium, part of the decrease of the intracellular Ca2+-concentration which occurs during each cardiac cycle could be dependent on a Na−Ca exchange mechanism. The relative importance of this mechanism, versus internal Ca sequestration, in the relaxation of tension may well be greater in contractile tissues whose cells have a large surface/volume ratio.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 302 (1968), S. 192-192 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Herzmuskel ; Spannungsklemme ; Membranströme ; Heart Muscle ; Voltage Clamp Analysis ; Membrane Currents ; Slow Channel
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Voltage clamp experiments performed on frog atrial heart muscle fibers show: 1. a rapid inward current, time and voltage dependent and inhibited by TTX, consequently a sodium current. This current is responsible for the first part of the ascending phase of the action potential. 2. a slow inward current, time and voltage dependent, not influenced by TTX but inhibited by Mn. In sodium-free solution this current is carried by calcium ions and in calcium-free solution it is a sodium current. In normal conditions this slow current is carried by both sodium and calcium ions. We propose to call this pathway for slow current “slow channel”. We think that it is probably at this level that the competition between sodium and calcium occurs. The slow current is responsible for the second part of the ascending phase and plays an important role during the plateau and the repolarization of the action potential. These results can explain the time course of the frog atrial action potential.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung “Voltage clamp”-Untersuchungen wurden an feinen Frosch-Vorhof-Trabekeln durchgeführt. Sie zeigen: 1. einen schnellen Einwärts-Natriumstrom, der Funktion des Potentials und der Zeit ist. Dieser Strom wird durch TTX blockiert. Er ist für den ersten Teil der Anstiegsphase des Aktionspotentials verantwortlich. 2. einen langsamen Einwärts-Strom als Funktion des Potentials und der Zeit. Dieser Strom ist nicht durch TTX aber durch Mn blockierbar. In Natrium-freier Lösung ist dieser Strom ein Calcium-Strom, und in Calcium-freier Lösung ein Natrium-Strom. In normaler Ringer-Lösung sind Natrium- und Calcium-Ionen die Ladungsträger für diesen langsamen Strom. Wir bezeichnen die Durchtrittstelle für den langsamen Strom als “slow channel” und wir glauben, daß dort der Antagonismus zwischen Calcium und Natrium lokalisiert ist. Der langsame Strom ist für den zweiten Teil der Anstiegsphase des Aktionspotentials, vor allem für die Plateauphase und die Repolarisation von Bedeutung. Diese Resulate können den Verlauf des Vorhofsaktionspotentials beim Frosch erklären.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 331 (1972), S. 191-203 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Cardiac Muscle ; Membrane Potential ; Calcium Ions ; Electromechanical Coupling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Both contractile response and ionic currents are recorded during voltage clamp experiments on frog atrial trabecles. In Ringer solution, tension elicited by depolarizing steps of different duration and amplitude may be considered as composed of two elements. One depends on the slow inward current; the estimated variation in [Ca++]i can account for the tension elicited. At its level, the competition between Ca and Na ions is manifest. The other component, depending on the membrane potential, exists even in absence of external Ca ions. Such a component of mechanical response suggests an intracellular source of activator-calcium and these ions can be displaced by membrane potential. Moreover, both this component and the absence of threshold in the tension development agree with the fact that the membrane potential controls the diastolic tension. These two components share in the contraction elicited by action potential.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 301 (1968), S. 91-108 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Herzmuskel ; Membranströme ; verzögerte Gleichrichtung ; Spannungsklemme ; Heart Muscle ; Voltage Clamp Analysis ; Membrane Currents ; Delayed Rectification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Voltage clamp experiments with the double sucrose gap technique performed on frog heart atrial trabecles show: 1. an initial sodium current as function of potential and time, blocked by TTX. Its activation is accelerated with increased depolarization. Its inactivation has a rapid phase with a time constant of the order of a millisecond, followed by a very slow phase 2. a delayed rectification, superimposed on anomalous rectification. Steady state current voltage curves have sigmoid shape. The delayed currents are only very little reduced by TEA 3. negative currents decreasing with time during hyperpolarizing voltage steps. They are strongly reduced by TEA which suggests a high potassium conductance at the beginning of the steps. These results confirm the findings of McAllister and Noble (1966, 1967) concerning the existence of a delayed rectification in cardiac muscle fibres. With respect to the sodium system they are to a certain extent in agreement with the ones of Giebisch and Weidmann (1967) and with the hypothesis of Brady and Woodbury (1960). They can qualitatively explain the time course of the action potential.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Mit Hilfe der Saccharose-Doppeltrennwandmethode wurden „Voltage-clamp“-Untersuchungen an feinen Frosch-Vorhof-Trabekeln durchgeführt. Sie zeigen: 1. einen initialen Natrium-Strom als Funktion des Potentials und der Zeit, der durch TTX blockierbar ist. Seine Aktivierung wird durch verstärkte Depolarisation beschleunigt. Seine Inaktivierung verläuft in zwei Phasen. Die erste, schnelle hat eine Zeitkonstante von der Größenordnung 1 msec. Die zweite ist um mehrere Größenordnungen langsamer 2. eine verzögerte Gleichrichtung, welche eine anomale Gleichrichtung überlagert, so daß die stationären Strom-Spannungskurven S-förmig verlaufen. Die verzögerte Gleichrichtung wird von TEA nur wenig vermindert 3. negative (Einwärts-) Ströme bei hyperpolarisierenden Impulsen, die zeitabhängig abnehmen und die durch TEA stark vermindert werden, was auf eine hohe Kalium-Leitfähigkeit zu Beginn des Hyperpolarisationsimpulses schließen läßt. Diese Befunde bestätigen diejenigen von McAllister and Noble (1966, 1967) bezüglich einer verzögerten Gleichrichtung in Herzmuskelfasern. In bezug auf das Na-System sind sie bis zu einem gewissen Grade übereinstimmend mit den Befunden von Giebisch u. Weidmann (1967) und mit der Hypothese von Brady u. Woodbury (1960). Sie können qualitativ den Verlauf des Aktionspotentials erklären.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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