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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scanning electron microscopy of hair cells, stereocilia and cross-linkage systems in experimentally induced endolymphatic hydrops (1991)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 248 (1991), S. 313-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Endolymphatic hydrops ; Organ of Corti ; Stereocilia ; Cross-linkage system ; Scanning electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In this study scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the stereocilia and their cross-linkages in guinea pig cochleas 1, 2, 4 and 8 months after endolymphatic sac obliteration. Initial changes were restricted to the stereocilia of the outer hair cells and consisted of a disarrangement and bulging of the stereocilia with an interruption of their cross-linkage systems. Subsequently, the stereocilia became fused and atrophied. Cross-linkages of inner hair cells remained intact. Loss of both outer and inner hair cells started in the apex and progressed towards the base of the cochlea. These findings indicate that early changes in the micro-architecture of the stereocilia may have a mechanical origin, with pressure fluctuations in the scala media possibly playing an important role.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00169020
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential immunohistochemical detection of cytokeratins and vimentin in the surgically removed human endolymphatic duct and sac (1991)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 248 (1991), S. 495-501 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Human endolymphatic duct and sac ; Intermediate filaments ; Cytokeratins ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunohistochemical detection of intermediate filament proteins and different subgroups of cytokeratins (Cks) was used to characterize the epithelium of the surgically removed adult human endolymphatic duct (ED) and sac (ES). The epithelium of the ED and ES demonstrated immunostaining for Cks 7, 8, 14, 17, 18 and 19, a pattern typical of so-called “complex” or “mixed” epithelia. This is a remarkable finding, since this pattern differs strikingly from previously reported data on the adult human cochlea and vestibular labyrinth that demonstrated a Ck pattern typical of “simple” (or single-layered) epithelia. Furthermore, the epithelium of the ED and ES demonstrated co-expression of Cks and vimentin. The present data indicate that the epithelium of the ED and ES exhibits another type of epithelial differentiation and demonstrates a higher degree of complexity than the other epithelia in the adult human inner ear.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00627642
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytokeratin expression in the epithelia of the adult human cochlea (1991)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 248 (1991), S. 293-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Adult human cochlea ; Epithelia ; Cytokeratins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Epithelia can be characterized by the specific expression pattern of their cytokeratin components. Therefore, we investigated the immunohistochemical expression of different cytokeratin subunits in frozen sections of chemically fixed, non-decalcified, adult human cochleas. The organ of Corti and the marginal cells of the stria vascularis showed reactivity for cytokeratin subunits 8, 18 and 19, whereas the other cochlear epithelia in addition expressed cytokeratin 7. The expression of cytokeratins 7, 8, 18 and 19 by the epithelia of the adult human cochlea is typical of “simple” epithelia. The deviant cytokeratin pattern of the organ of Corti and marginal cells of the stria vascularis may well reflect their differences in functional state and/or differentiation as compared to the other cochlear epithelia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00176758
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrocochleographic study of experimentally induced endolymphatic hydrops (1987)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 244 (1987), S. 167-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Electrocochleography ; Endolymphatic hydrops ; Extracochlear potentials ; Guinea pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An endolymphatic hydrops was induced in the left ear of each of 32 guinea pigs by obliteration of the endolymphatic sac. Both the hydropic ear and the control ear were examined by electrocochleography 1,2, 4 or 8 months after obliteration of the sac using electrodes on the apex and near the round window. One month after obliteration, the threshold of the compound action potential (AP) and the increase of the AP amplitude with sound pressure level (SPL) were the same as the results recorded from the control ears despite the presence of a histologically confirmed hydrops. In the 2-month group, small AP threshold differences (10–20 dB) were recorded, increasing up to 10–40 dB in the 4- and 8-month groups. In the latter animals we also found a more rapid increase of the AP amplitude with SPL, a finding suggestive of recruitment. In the 1-month group we recorded an enhanced negative SP for 2- and 4 kHz stimuli when the electrode was placed near the apex. The same was recorded for 4-kHz stimuli in the 2-month group. In the 4- and 8-month groups there was a tendency towards a decrease in the negative SP. The SP-AP ratio recorded from the apical position showed the same pattern as the SP amplitude, an increase after 1 month and a tendency to decrease in the following months. Near the round window there was no significant effect of hydrops on the SP amplitude or on the SP-AP ratio. A deviation in the AP-SP wave form was recorded in 69% (22/32) of the guinea pigs. This deviation most frequently consisted of an increased second peak (N2) in the AP wave form.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00464262
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histopathological study of experimentally induced endolymphatic hydrops with emphasis on Reissner's membrane (1987)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 244 (1987), S. 174-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Endolymphatic hydrops ; Histopathology ; Reissner's membrane ; Fistula
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We investigated the histopathological changes of the guinea pig cochlea in experimentally induced endolymphatic hydrops 1, 2, 4 and 8 months after obliteration of the endolymphatic sac. In this paper special attention is given to the morphological changes created in Reissner's membrane. Reissner's membrane showed various foldings, bony wall connections, local thickenings, duplications, mesothelial defects, ruptures and atrophy. The incidence of these changes increased with survival time. The stria vascularis and hair cells showed degeneration starting apically and proceeding towards the cochlear base. The possible implications of these findings are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00464263
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure and composition of stereocilia cross-links in normal and hydropic cochleas of the guinea pig (1993)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 250 (1993), S. 73-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Cochlea ; Hydrops ; Stereocilia ; Cross-links ; Cytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Structure and composition of stereocilia cross-links were investigated cytochemically in normal and hydropic cochleas of the guinea pig. The electron-dense markers colloidal thorium and cationized ferritin were used for visualization. Side links as well as tip links were visualized using both markers. Cationized ferritin allowed a better visualization of the delicate cross-link substructure than did colloidal thorium. Following digestion with neuraminidase, cross-link reactivity for colloidal thorium was virtually abolished. However, the basic structure of the cross-links could still be observed as a result of routine post-fixation and contrast staining. In both 3- and 6-month hydropic cochleas glycocalyx reactivity of the stereocilia appeared to be unaltered, provided that stereocilia were still present. However, loss of cross-links of the outer hair cells — resulting in disarrangement of the stereociliary bundles — was observed in hydropic cochleas. Our results suggest that cross-links are a separate morphological and cytochemical entity, which is different from the glycocalyx. Furthermore, loss of stereocilia cross-links, with concomitant disarrangement of the outer hair cell stereociliary bundle, appears to be one of the early pathological features of surgically induced endolymphatic hydrops, which might be responsible for permanent sensorineural hearing loss.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00179301
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