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  • 1
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Infection with Toxocara canis, the roundworm of dogs, has been associated with asthmatic manifestations. Clinical symptoms such as wheezing, coughing and episodic airflow obstruction have been described for patients infected with this helminth.Objective In order to characterize the effect of T. canis infection on the lungs, we monitored immune responses, pulmonary pathology and lung function over a period of 60 days in BALB/c mice.Methods Infection was performed by a single oral administration of 1000 T. canis embryonated eggs. Airway responsiveness was measured in conscious, unrestrained mice at 7, 14, 30 and 60 days post-infection (p.i.).Results Infection of mice resulted in airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) that persisted up to 30 days p.i. Pulmonary inflammation as well as increased levels of IgE and eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) persisted up to 60 days p.i. Cytokine analysis in BAL indicated increased levels of IL-5 at day 7 and 14 p.i., whereas the levels of IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10 did not differ from those of uninfected controls. Toxocara-specific stimulation of spleen cells using recombinant TES-70 protein resulted in the induction of IL-5 at day 7 and 14 p.i. and IL-10 at day 14 p.i. Production of all other cytokines did not differ from that of uninfected controls. Evaluation of larval burden revealed that T. canis was still present in the lungs of infected mice at 60 days p.i.Conclusion The presence of Toxocara larva in the lungs at 60 days p.i. following a single infection could explain the persistent pulmonary inflammation, airway hyper-reactivity, eosinophilia and increased IgE production observed in T. canis-infected BALB/c mice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 72 (1999), S. 404-407 
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Key words Air pollution ; Exhaled NO ; Nitric oxide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the balloon procedure to measure exhaled nitric oxide (NO). Methods: This was performed by comparing the procedure with the well-established on-line measurement of NO (direct exhalation into the NO module). Using both procedures exhaled NO was measured in 16 healthy subjects on two days with different level of air pollution. Results: Exhaled NO measured on-line was 3.8–4.5 times lower than exhaled NO obtained using the balloon technique but the two sets of values correlated linearly (r 0.93–0.97). Mean NO level on day 1 with low air pollution and day 2 with high air pollution was 6.6 and 8.1 parts per billion (ppb; on-line measurement) and 25.2 and 36.9 ppb (balloon method), respectively. The day 1 to day 2 ratio differed per subject but was independent of the technique of measurement. Mean day-to-day ratio of exhaled NO using the balloon technique (1.65 ± 0.13) was not different (P 〈 0.05) from the ratio of NO levels measured on-line (1.49 ± 0.13). Based on these ratios the increase in level of outdoor air pollution appears to be associated with a 49–65% increase in exhaled NO. Conclusion: Exhaled NO is proposed as a de novo individual biomarker to monitor the adverse effects of air pollution. The balloon procedure offers a sound and convenient alternative for the on-line procedure to measure exhaled NO in large populations as required in epidemiological studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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