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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Phytopathology 10 (1972), S. 21-36 
    ISSN: 0066-4286
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 175 (1955), S. 84-85 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Nunn has based this structure mainly on the strong band at 9-8 jz in the infra-red spectrum of dihydro-sterculic acid. He has, however, not taken the infrared curve of the sterculic acid itself, and the position of the double bond seems to have been fixed without any supporting evidence. In this ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 176 (1955), S. 1082-1082 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] (1) Derfer et al.* have found that the derivatives of cyclopropane exhibit an infra-red absorption band in the region 1,000-1,020 cm.-1; consequently, they have suggested that a band near 1,010 cm.-1 may be used for detecting the presence of a cyclopropyl group in a compound. A c^/cZopropane ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 62 (1968), S. 72-84 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zellen von Cytophaga hutchinsonii und vegetativer Sporocytophaga myxococcoides produzieren während der Submerskultur in belüftetem Glucose-Medium große Mengen hochviscoser, extracellulärer Schleimstoffe. Im elektronenmikroskopischen Bild erscheint die “Schleimhülle” der Bakterien nach Negativkontrastierung mit Natriumphosphorwolframat als dichtes, weit verzweigtes Netzwerk fibrillärer Elemente, die an der Zelloberfläche entspringen und sich ohne erkennbare äußere Abgrenzung im Substrat ausbreiten. Feinste “Elementarfibrillen” der Schleimsubstanz haben eine Dicke von etwa 30 Å. Demgegenüber wird völlige Abwesenheit einer Schleimhülle bei den Mikrocysten festgestellt, die aus den vegetativen Zellen von Sp. myxococcoides nach Beendigung des logarithmischen Wachstums gebildet werden. Gleichzeitig mit der Mikrocystenbildung wird starke Abnahme der Viscosität im Kulturmedium festgestellt. Mikrocystenbildung scheint mit dem enzymatischen Abbau der Schleimsubstanz einherzugehen. Die Schleime von C. hutchinsonii und Sp. myxococcoides sind wahrscheinlich anionische Heteropolysaccharide. Cytophaga-Schleim enthält die vier Neutralzucker Glucose, Mannose, Arabinose und Xylose; bei Sporocytophaga ist zusätzlich Galaktose vorhanden. Einziger anionischer Baustein ist in beiden Fällen Glucuronsäure, die möglicherweise über Xylose mit den Polymeren verknüpft ist.
    Notes: Summary Cells of Cytophaga hutchinsonii and vegetative Sporocytophaga myxococcoides produce copious amounts of extracellular slime during active growth in liquid, aerated glucose-medium, imparting a high degree of viscosity to the culture. Electron microscopy following negative staining with sodium phosphotungstate reveals the slime substance as densely interwoven network of filamentous material originating on the cell surface and extending far into the medium without any discernable boundary. “Elementary fibrils” of the slime substance have a thickness of about 30 Å. The surrounding layer of filamentous slime is completely absent from the surface of microcysts formed from vegetative cells of Sp. myxococcoides after cessation of logarithmic growth, and the original high viscosity of the cell suspension is greatly reduced. It is concluded that microcyst formation is accompanied by enzymatic breakdown of the extracellular slime substance. Isolated slime materials from both organisms are tentatively identified as anionic heteropolysaccharides. Neutral sugar components of the substance from C. hutchinsonii are glucose, mannose, arabinose and xylose. Sp. myxococcoides slime contains the same sugars and also galactose. Glucuronic acid is the only anionic component in the heteropolysaccharides of both organisms. Preliminary evidence suggests that the uronic acid is linked to the polymers via xylose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 59 (1967), S. 355-380 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Vegetative Zellen der primitiven Myxobakterien Cytophaga hutchinsonii und Sporocytophaga myxococcoides können in Massenkulturen in belüfteter Glucose-Mineralsalz-Nährlösung gewonnen werden. In Kulturen von Sp. myxococcoides erfolgt bei Verschiebung der Bebrütungstemperatur von 30°C nach 37°C in guter Ausbeute Umwandlung von vegetativen Bakterien in Mikrocysten. Aus vegetativen Zellen und Mikrocysten werden durch kombinierte Behandlung mit Proteinasen, Nucleasen und Extraktion mit anionischen Netzmitteln Zellwände isoliert. Diese bestehen zum größten Teil aus Murein und enthalten die Bausteine Muraminsäure, Glucosamin, 2,6-Diaminopimelinsäure, Glutaminsäure und Alanin im Molverhältnis 1:1:1:1:2. Andere charakteristische Zellwandpolymere wie Proteine, Teichonsäuren oder Polysaccharide wurden in Myxobakterienwänden nicht gefunden. Die Ergebnisse der Chromatographie von Lysozymspaltprodukten und chemische Endgruppenbestimmung durch Dinitrophenylierung sprechen dafür, daß die Mureine der Mxyobakterien, ähnlich wie Mureine Gram-negativer Eubakterien, aus Muropeptiduntereinheiten aufgebaut und durch Peptidbrücken zwischen Muropeptiden vernetzt sind. Im elektronenmikroskopischen Bild erscheinen die Mureinwände der Myxobakterien als schlauchförmige (vegetative Zellen) oder ballonförmige (Mikrocysten) Beutel in der Form der Zellen, aus denen sie erhalten wurden. Sie entsprechen also den von Weidel definierten, formgebenden “Murein Sacculi”. Nach Messungen an elektronenmikroskopischen Bildern von Dünnschnitten beträgt die Wandstärke der Sacculi bei vegetativen Zellen von Sp. myxococcoides etwa 20 Å, bei Mikrocysten etwa 90 Å. Es wird angenommen, daß Zellwände vegetativer Myxobakterien nackte und deshalb biegsame Sacculi sind, die nur aus einer monomolekularen Mureinschicht bestehen. Die um ein Vielfaches dickere Mikrocystenwand wird als Stapel mehrerer aufeinandergelagerter Mureinschichten interpretiert.
    Notes: Summary Vegetative cells of the non-fruiting myxobacteria Cytophaga hutchinsonii and Sporocytophaga myxococcoides were obtained in good yield and defined state of growth from shake cultures in liquid glucose-mineral salts medium. In Sp. myxococcoides a shift of incubation temperature from 30 to 37°C resulted in large scale conversion of vegetative bacteria into microcysts (myxospores). Empty cell walls were isolated from both vegetative myxobacteria and microcysts by combined treatment with proteinases and nucleases and extraction with anionic detergent. Murein (synonyma: mucopolymer, mucopeptide) was found to be the major cell wall polymer in all cases. Amino acid and amino sugar constituents of myxobacterial murein are muramic acid, glucosamine, 2,6-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid and alanine occuring in a molar ratio of 1:1:1:1:2. Other typical macromolecular materials, which are prominent accessory cell wall materials in eubacteria, e.g. teichoic acids, proteins and polysaccharides, were not found in the Cytophaga and Sporocytophaga walls. Chromatography of murein fragments obtained by the action of muramidase (lysozyme) and chemical end group determinations indicated that myxobacterial mureins resemble eubacterial mureins in being composed of repeating muropeptidesubunits, which are linked between their peptide side-chains. Electron microscopy revealed the murein cell walls of the two myxobacteria as cell-shaped containers of the size and form of the organisms from which they were derived. The structures thus correspond to the shape-conferring “murein sacculus” of the eubacterial cell wall, as defined by Weidel (Weidel and Pelzer, 1964). The thickness of murein layers in Sporocytophaga cell walls was measured in electron micrographs of cell wall thin-sections and was found to be 20 Å in vegetative cells and 90 Å in microcysts. It is assumed that vegetative cells of myxobacteria may be highly flexible because their cell walls are constructed only of naked tubes of murein monolayer. In the much thicker and inflexible cell walls of microcysts increased rigidity may be brought about by the superposition of several murein monolayers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 19 (1984), S. 435-436 
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Phenols inhibited the growth as well as pigment production by Xanthomonas campestris pv. malvacearum (Xcm). Albino (white) colonies were formed at 0.005M concentration of certain phenois, which retained their white colour on successive transfers on phenol containing media indefinitely. Both, albino and yellow isolates were pathogenic and maintained their race number.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 23 (1964), S. 132-140 
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Present studies indicate that all the three species ofAlternaria possessed both intra- and extracellular PME activity but only the latter was significant. The role of the enzyme in pathogenicity of the strains has been discussed. The various optima determined for the extracellular enzyme activity were pH 4.5–7.0, temperature 50° C, time 24 hrs, and substrate concentration 1% pectin; the activity was proportional to enzyme concentration. Of the chemicals used to characterise the properties of the enzyme Na2HPO4, NaH2PO4, Mg++, Ca++ produced marked activation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 20 (1963), S. 337-345 
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The present study reported for the first time the presence of ribonuclease in the genusAlternaria. Of the three strains studied, the most pathogenic strain, namelyA. tenuis, possessed the highest activity. The various optima determined for the enzyme activity were pH 7.0, temperature 40°C, time 90 minutes and substrate concentration 2 mg RNA/ml of the reaction mixture. Of the metal ions used to characterise the properties of this enzyme, Cu++ alone was found to accelerate the enzyme activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Vigna radiata ; mungbean ; Xanthomonas phaseoli ; Cercospora canescens ; yellow mosaic ; genetic relationship ; multi-disease resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Studies on the inheritance pattern of bacterial leaf spot (BLS), yellow mosaic (YM) and Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) reactions in crosses of BLS and YM resistant/tolerant but CLS susceptible × CLS resistant but BLS and YM susceptible parents indicated that resistances to BLS and CLS were governed by single dominant genes, whereas YM tolerance was a monogenic recessive character. The studies also indicated that these three genes were inherited independently. The simple inheritance pattern and independent assortment of the genes governing resistance/tolerance to these diseases suggest that the usual breeding methods will be adequate to develop multi-disease resistant mungbean cultivars.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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