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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tγδ Cells in Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 32 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Using the anti-TcRγ/δ-1 monoclonal antibody and flow cytometry, we examined the number of Tγδ cells in paired samples of peripheral blood and synovial fluid or tissue from 24 children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA). five adult patients with JRA, and 14 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). No significant difference was found in the synovial compartment Tγδ values compared with the blood in JRA, adult JRA, or RA patients. Nor was any significant difference found in the peripheral blood or synovial compartment Tγδ values in any of the three patient groups compared with the peripheral blood of normal controls. However, seven of the children with JRA had very high Tγδ values in the synovial compartment while none of the normal children had high Tγδ values in the blood (P= 0.02. Fisher's exact test). This may indicate a possible separate JRA patient group with high Tγδ levels in the synovial compartment. In six JRA patients further analysed for Tγδ subpopulations, a significant predominance of Vδ1 + cells was found in the synovial compartment compared with the corresponding peripheral blood samples (P〈0 05. Wilcoxon's signed test) and with peripheral blood of child controls (P〈0 05, Mann Whitney U test). In these six patients, the Tγδ -cell expression of the very early activation antigen CD69 were significantly higher (P〈0 05. Wilcoxon's signed test) in the synovial compartment compared with the peripheral blood. Synovial Tγδ cells expressing HLA-DR and interleukin 2 receptors could also be detected, in contrast to the peripheral blood in which no Tγδ cells expressing these antigens could be found. These data suggest that the synovial Tγδ cells had been activated in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1990.tb03207.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Methotrexate in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (1995)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 47 (1995), S. 507-511 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Methotrexate ; Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis ; pharmacokinetics ; age dependence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) have been reported to require higher doses (per kg body weight) of methotrexate (MTX) than adults with rheumatoid arthritis to control their disease. The purpose of the present study was to characterise the plasma pharmacokinetics of MTX and its major metabolite, 7-hydroxymethotrexate (7-OHMTX) in children, and to compare the results with those previously obtained in adults. Thirteen patients (age 5–16 y) with JRA (median disease duration 5.5 y) were studied after once weekly oral administration of MTX (median 0.21 mg·kg−1). The analytical method was sufficiently sensitive to permit determination of plasma and urinary concentrations of MTX and 7-OHMTX during the entire dose interval in most of the patients. The dose normalized area under the plasma concentration versus time-curve (AUC) of MTX increased with the age of the children and was lower than previously found in adults. The dose normalized AUC of 7-OHMTX was not dependent on age. No correlation was found between the AUCs of MTX and 7-OHMTX. The results suggest that the age-dependence of the pharmacokinetics of MTX might explain the observation that at least some children require higher doses of MTX than adults to obtain a sufficient therapeutic effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00193703
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunological variables and acute-phase reactants in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (Bechterew's syndrome) and their relatives (1984)
    Springer
    Clinical rheumatology 3 (1984), S. 501-513 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-9949
    Keywords: Acute-Phase Reactants ; Ankylosing Spondylitis ; Bechterew's Syndrome ; Circulating Immune Complexes ; Complement Factors ; C-Reactive Protein ; Hemolytic Complement Activity ; HEMRI Syndrome ; HLA B27 ; Immunoglobulins ; Peripheral Joint Arthritis ; Psoriasis ; Relatives ; Sex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Serum and EDTA blood from 120 patients with ankylosing spondylitis (Bechterew's syndrome) and serum from 138 first-degree relatives of patients and from 42 adult blood donors were investigated. Increased serum concentrations of IgA and IgG and complement factors C3 and C4 were found in total groups of HLA B27-positive male or female patients compared with controls or relatives. The men had higher serum concentration of IgA and complement factors than the women, whereas IgM concentration was higher in the women. These patterns were found in controls, in relatives and in patients. Increased concentrations of IgA and of C4 were characteristic of all patients whereas IgG and IgM and C3 concentrations were likewise elevated in patients with peripheral joint arthritis/arthropathy. Increased levels of circulating immune complexes (CIC) were associated with peripheral joint arthritis and were strongly correlated with IgG or CRP concentrations in serum. Total haemolytic complement activity in serum was negatively correlated with concentrations of CIC or CRP indicating complement activation in patients with such complexes. No differences in serum concentrations of Ig or complement factor concentrations were seen between HLA B27-positive and negative relatives with normal sacro-iliac joints or between relatives and controls. Strong mutual correlations were seen among IgG, IgM, complement factors, CRP, SAA, sedimentation rate and alpha2-macroglobulin. When the present findings were combined with our previous results it turned out that AS, and psoriasis with or without arthropathy, and acute anterior uveitis (AAU) in combination with sacro-iliitis, may be described as IgA-related conditions and that increased serum C4 was related to sacro-iliitis in all these disorders.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02031273
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toxicity of antirheumatic and anti-inflammatory drugs in children (1998)
    Springer
    Clinical rheumatology 17 (1998), S. 505-510 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-9949
    Keywords: Children ; DMARD ; NSAID ; Toxicity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The aim of the study was to describe the longterm toxicity of antirheumatic and anti-inflammatory drugs in a paediatric rheumatology clinic population. One hundred and seventeen children were studied on first admission to a paediatric rheumatology clinic and after a mean of 8.6±0.4 years of follow-up. Medical records from the intermediate period were reviewed. The patients had 155 exposures to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), 88 exposures to disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and 12 exposures of prednisolone during a total of 682 patient years. Drug toxicity was measured in terms of the number of toxic events, number of drug discontinuations due to toxicity, number of side-effects per patient year of drug exposure and as a toxicity index. Side-effects were seen in 69 (27%) of the drug exposures, corresponding to 0.10 toxic events per patient year of exposure. Abdominal pain was the most common side-effect, and was reported in 21 (14%) of the exposures to NSAIDs. Five severely toxic events, all leading to hospitalisation, occurred. The toxicity of NSAIDs was not significantly different from that of DMARDs with regard to the number of toxic events (21% and 31%, respectively, NS) and drug discontinuations due to toxicity (17% and 14%, respectively, NS). Piroxicam tended to be more toxic than ibuprofen (46% versus 18% toxic events,p〈0.05; 36% versus 16% discontinuations due to toxicity, NS; 0.33 versus 0.05 side-effects per patient year and a toxicity index of 1.45 versus 0.20 units per patient year). Gold tended to be more toxic than antimalarials (41% versus 15% toxic events,p〈0.05; 24% versus 12% discontinuations, NS; 0.37 versus 0.08 side-effects per patient year and a toxicity index of 1.56 versus 0.23 units per patient year). It was concluded that antirheumatic and anti-inflammatory drugs led to side-effects in 27% of the exposed children during 9 years of follow-up. There was an overlap of the toxicity of certain NSAIDs and the most commonly employed DMARDs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01451288
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