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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Handbook of Psychobiology - M.S. Gazzaniga and C. Blackmore (Eds.) (Academic Press, New York and London, 1975, 639 pp., 29.50).
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biological Psychology 5 (1977), S. 173-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 0301-0511
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Psychology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0301-0511(77)90012-6
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Visual stability during eyeblinks (1994)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 367 (1994), S. 121-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - During each eyeblink we lose sight of the visual world for more than a tenth of a second without usually perceiving the discontinuity. A suppression of visual sensitivity during blinks1'2 explains why darkening is not seen but it is not sufficient to account for the continuity of visual ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/367121b0
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Linear signal transmission from prepotentials to cells in the macaque lateral geniculate nucleus (1983)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 52 (1983), S. 50-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Macaque lateral geniculate ; Prepotential ; Neuronal transfer function
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Prepotentials preceding a neuronal action potential were recorded extracellularly in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of the macaque. Although prepotentials are found less frequently in the macaque than in the cat LGN, their electrical characteristics are similar, suggesting that they represent the arrival of impulses in a retinal afferent, as in the cat. The visual response properties of prepotentials and associated cells were similar under a variety of conditions, indicating that, apart from some response attenuation, little signal processing takes place in macaque LGN. A constant fraction of prepotentials above a threshold frequency gave rise to neuronal action potentials independent of the stimuli used, so that the frequency of cell action potentials was linearly related to the frequency of prepotentials. Since the maintained discharge rates of a cell and its prepotential always fell on the linear relation, the net responses of a cell and its prepotential to visual stimuli were approximately proportional to one another.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237148
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An estimation and application of the human cortical magnification factor (1979)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 37 (1979), S. 495-510 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cortical magnification factor ; Man ; Visual resolution ; Contrast sensitivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Comparisons of the published data on the density D of receptive fields of retinal ganglion cells and on the cortical magnification factor M indicated that M2 is directly proportional to D in primates. Therefore, the human M can be estimated for the principal meridians of the visual field from the density-distribution of retinal ganglion cells and from the density of the centralmost cones. Using the previously published empirical data, we estimated the values of the human M and express the values in four simple equations that can be used for finding the value of M for any location of the visual field. The monocular values of M are not radially symmetric. These analytically expressed values of M make it possible to predict contrast sensitivity and resolution for any location of the visual field. We measured contrast sensitivity functions at 25 different locations and found that the functions could be made similar by scaling the retinal dimensions of test gratings by the inverse values of M. Visual acuity and resolution could be predicted accurately for all retinal locations by means of a single constant multiplier of the estimated M. The results indicate that the functional and structural properties of the visual system are very closely and similarly related across the whole retina. Visual acuity, e.g., bears the same optimal relation to the density of sampling executed by retinal ganglion cells at all locations of the visual field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236819
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dark adaptation and receptive field organisation of cells in the cat lateral geniculate nucleus (1977)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 27 (1977), S. 35-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Lateral geniculate nucleus ; Cat ; Dark adaptation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The receptive fields of LGN cells were investigated with stationary light and dark spot and annulus stimuli. Stimulus size and background intensity were varied while stimulus/background contrast was kept constant. The speed of dark adaptation varied considerably from cell to cell. Dark adaptation made responses more sustained in all neurones and eliminated the oscillatory on-responses evoked under some conditions in the light-adapted cells. Dark adaptation led also to a disappearance of early phasic inhibition in on-responses, and increased response rise time and latency. The power of surround responses to inhibit centre responses decreased slightly at low levels of light adaptation in LGN cells but much less than in retinal ganglion cells. Some other traces of changing retinal surround effects also appeared in the LGN on dark adaptation. For example, the functional size of receptive fields increased at low levels of illuminance as has been observed in retinal ganglion cells and the receptive fields as estimated from response peaks were larger than those estimated from sustained components.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234823
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human auditory evoked responses during hangover (1975)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 42 (1975), S. 173-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Ethanol ; Hangover ; Auditory Evoked Responses ; Auditory Sensitivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Auditory evoked responses (AER) to trains of 6 click stimuli (1 click/sec) were studied in 9 subjects under hangover, tired control, and normal control conditions in order to find out whether the symptoms of hyperexcitability during hangover have a correlate in the characteristics of the AER. In addition, the audiograms were measured. AERs to the first click in a stimulus train were markedly smaller during hangover than in the other 2 states. The amplitude levels of the AERs during the repetition of the click stimulus were, however, similar under all three conditions. The audiograms obtained in the three states were similar except for a very slight decrease of auditory threshold sensitivity during hangover as compared with the tired control condition. The results show that the effects of hangover on AERs resemble those of alcohol intoxication. The symptoms of hyperexcitability during hangover cannot be explained in terms of increased peripheral sensitivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00429549
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Visual resolution, contrast sensitivity, and the cortical magnification factor (1979)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 37 (1979), S. 475-494 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Visual contrast sensitivity ; Man ; Cortical magnification factor ; Spatial summation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This study shows that photopic contrast sensitivity and resolution can be predicted by means of simple functions derived by using the cortical magnification factor M as a scale factor of mapping from the visual field into the striate cortex. We measured the minimum contrast required for discriminating the direction of movement or orientation of sinusoidal gratings, or for detecting them in central and peripheral vision. No qualitative differences were found between central and peripheral vision, and almost all quantitative differences observed could be removed by means of a size compensation derived from M. The results indicated specificly that (1) visual patterns can be made equally visible if they are scaled so that their calculated cortical representations become equivalent; (2) contrast sensitivity follows the same power function of the cortical area stimulated by a grating at any eccentricity; (3) area and squared spatial frequency are reciprocally related as determinants of contrast sensitivity; and (4) acuity and resolution are directly proportional to M, and the minimum angle of resolution is directly proportional to M-1. The power law of spatial summation expressed in (2) and (3) suggests the existence of a central integrator that pools the activity of cortical neurons. This summation mechanism makes the number of potentially activated visual cells the most important determinant of visibility and contrast sensitivity. The functional homogeneity of image processing across the visual field observed here agrees with the assumed anatomical and physiological uniformity of the visual cortex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236818
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Responses of cells in the cat lateral geniculate nucleus to moving stimuli at various levels of light and dark adaptation (1977)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 27 (1977), S. 51-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Lateral geniculate nucleus ; Cat ; Dark adaptation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The responses of neurones in laminae A and A1 of the cat lateral geniculate nucleus to moving stimuli were investigated at different background luminances. Moving bright slits, dark bars and edges were employed; the contrast of stimuli against the background was held constant. Background intensities varied from 10−3 to 102 td. Responses as stimuli passed across the centres of LGN receptive fields became stronger with increasing levels of light adaptation up to 10−1–101 td and then remained constant. Responses as stimuli passed through surround regions altered qualitatively with adaptation level, generally increasing in strength and complexity with background luminance. As a bright slit for on-centre cells or dark bar for off-centre cells left the surround, in almost all units a strong secondary peak could be elicited by an appropriate selection of the adaptation conditions. Many features of the responses to moving stimuli could not be predicted from the responses to stationary stimuli under different adaptation conditions described in the previous paper.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234824
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