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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased Levels of Apolipoprotein D in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Hippocampus of Alzheimer's Patients (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 71 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Apolipoprotein D (apoD) is a member of the lipocalin family of proteins. Most members of this family are transporters of small hydrophobic ligands, although in the case of apoD, neither its physiological function(s) nor its putative ligand(s) have been unequivocally identified. In humans, apoD is expressed in several tissues, including the CNS, and its synthesis is greatly increased during regeneration of rat peripheral nerves. As apoD may have an important function in the nervous system and, particularly, in nerve regeneration, we measured immunoreactive apoD levels in the hippocampus and in CSF of patients with either Alzheimer's disease (AD) or other neuropathologies. In parallel, we determined the concentrations of apolipoprotein E (apoE), another apolipoprotein also implicated in nerve regeneration and in the etiology of AD. Levels of apoD but not apoE were increased in the hippocampus of AD patients compared with controls. ApoD concentrations, as determined by radioimmunoassay, were significantly increased in the CSF of AD patients (4.23 ± 1.58 µg/ml) and patients with other pathologies (3.29 ± 1.35 µg/ml) compared with those in the CSF of normal subjects (1.15 ± 0.71 µg/ml). Although the differences were smaller than for apoD, the mean apoE concentrations in the CSF of both groups of patients were also significantly higher than those of controls. In AD patients, apoD, but not apoE, levels in CSF and hippocampus increased as a function of inheritance of the ε4 apoE allele. This study therefore demonstrates that increased apoD levels in the hippocampus and in CSF are a marker of neuropathology, including that associated with AD, and are independent of apoE concentrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.71041643.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Environmental And Genetic Determinants Of Intima–Media Thickness Of The Carotid Artery (2001)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 28 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. The aim of the present study was to investigate carotid intima–media thickness (CIMT) in relation to anthropometric, environmental and genetic factors, as well as cholesterol and blood pressure levels.2. The study sample was composed of 89 families, with no documented cardiovascular disease, consisting of 369 subjects (aged from 10 to 54 years) from the Stanislas cohort.3. Carotid intima–media thickness was measured by B-mode ultrasonography. Fifteen genetic markers, including genes involved in lipid metabolism, the regulation of blood pressure, thrombosis, platelet function and endothelial cell adhesion, were studied by multiplex assay.4. The effects of gender, age, smoking, alcohol, body mass index, cholesterol, blood pressure and genetic factors were studied using ANOVA and bivariate and regression analyses.5. Segregation analysis was also performed to estimate the contribution of genetic and environmental factors to CIMT variability.6. Carotid intima–media thickness values were not affected by age or by gender up to 18 years of age. Thereafter, CIMT values increased sharply in men and remained significantly higher than in women.7. Approximately 30% of CIMT variability was attributable to genetic factors. Associations between CIMT and polymorphisms in the apolipoprotein CIII, cholesteryl ester transfer protein, methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase and fibrinogen genes were observed and explained approximately 20% of CIMT variation in men.8. In women, none of the studied polymorphisms was associated with CIMT variation.9. Our study gives new perspectives for understanding CIMT variability in healthy middle-aged subjects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1681.2001.03576.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunochemical study of the plasma low and high density lipoproteins in Tangier disease
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    FEBS Letters 201 (1986), S. 163-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 0014-5793
    Keywords: 2-Dimensional electrophoresis ; Apolipoprotein ; Immunochemistry ; Lipoprotein ; Tangier disease
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0014-5793(86)80591-9
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetics strongly determines the wall thickness of the left and right carotid arteries (1998)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 103 (1998), S. 183-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In 76 supposedly healthy families, we investigated the familial resemblance of left and right carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) measured by B-mode ultrasonography and the impact of the common apolipoprotein E (apo E) polymorphism and the insertion/deletion polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). Genetic factors accounted for about 30% of IMT variation. The insertion/deletion ACE polymorphism did not influence carotid IMT, whereas apoE polymorphism explained about 1.5% of only right carotid IMT variability independently of cholesterol levels. The apo ɛ2 and apo ɛ4 alleles were associated with lower right carotid IMT than was the apo ɛ3 allele. We conclude that genetic factors strongly contribute to IMT variability in healthy people and that the apo E polymorphism may be one of these factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004390050804
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Apolipoprotein B signal peptide polymorphism in patients with myocardial infarction and controls (1993)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 90 (1993), S. 561-565 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report the allele frequencies of the apolipoprotein B (Apo B) signal peptide polymorphism in patients with myocardial infarction and compare them with controls. The first sample consists of 197 myocardial infarction patients and 168 controls from Belfast (UK). The second sample consists of 167 myocardial infarction patients and 205 controls from Strasbourg (France), and the third consists of 71 patients and 146 controls from Haute-Garonne (Toulouse, France). No significant differences were observed in the frequency distribution of genotypes among cases and controls or between populations. However, there were more rare homozygotes in the Belfast cases. Significant associations were observed between the Apo B signal peptide polymorphism and mean levels of total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, Apo B and lipoprotein particles containing Apo (a) [Lp(a)] in the Strasbourg control population. Individuals homozygous for the rare allele had higher levels of these lipid parameters. In Belfast, although not statistically significant, the Apo B signal peptide polymorphism had a similar effect on Apo-B-related parameters as seen in Strasbourg. No significant associations were observed in the Haute-Garonne population where the risk of myocardial infarction is three times lower than in Belfast. In all three populations, the average Lp(a) levels were consistently different among Apo B signal peptide genotypes. These data implicate the Apo B signal peptide in determining some of the risks of myocardial infarction in these populations. Regardless of the exact mechanism, the Apo B signal peptide is an important candidate locus for the study of potentially atherogenic lipid variants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217459
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