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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparative histochemical and immunocytochemical study on the secretory material in the subcommissural organ of Rana temporaria L. (1983)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 77 (1983), S. 405-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The secretory material within the cells of the subcommissural organ (SCO) of Rana temporaria has been studied histochemically by application of a classical staining method and immunocytochemically by use of an antiserum (gift of Prof. Sterba, Leipzig) raised against bovine liquor fibre (LF) material, the LF being the secretory product of the SCO. The immunocytochemical method appears to be more specific and more sensitive than the histochemical staining method. The LF can also be visualized immunocytochemically; the fibre reacting equally positively from the SCO until the spinal cord's end. A significant positive linear correlation exists both between the amounts of histochemically and of immunocytochemically stained material and between their concentrations. The suitability of the immunocytochemical staining method for quantification of the secretory material within the cells of the SCO is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00490901
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The optic tracts of Rana temporaria and a possible retino-preoptic pathway (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 139 (1973), S. 179-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Retino-preoptic pathway ; Optic tracts ; Rana temporaria ; Light microscopy ; Autoradiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The optic tracts and centres of optic terminals of Rana temporaria have been investigated with silver impregnation techniques after unilaterally cutting the optic nerve and autoradiographically after injection of a mixture of tritiated amino acids into the vitreous body of the left eye. The observations on the course of the optic tracts and on the optic terminals in the thalamus and optic tectum are to a great extent in agreement with those of other authors. The probability of a retino-preoptic pathway is supported by the detection of fibres running in dorsal direction in front of the place where the optic nerve penetrates the brain. In horizontal sections these fibres can be seen deviating from the optic tract, covering a short distance in frontal direction and then turning upward under an angle of about 90 degrees. They disappear between the ventral aldehyde-fuchsin positive cells of the preoptic nucleus. The ventral and median parts of the ipsilateral preoptic nucleus contain fragments of degenerated fibres. Autoradiographic data are also in favour of the presence of an ipsilateral retino-preoptic tract. After carefully counting the number of grains over left and right preoptic nucleus, it appeared that over the ventral and median parts of the left preoptic nucleus more grains occur than over the identical areas of the right one.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306521
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of light and darkness on the hypothalamo-hypophysial system of blinded and unilaterally blinded frogs (Rana temporaria) (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 136 (1973), S. 355-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hypothalamo-hypophysial system ; Rana temporaria ; Blinding ; Illumination ; Autoradiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The influence of a long daily photoperiod and continuous darkness on the hypothalamo-hypophysial system of blinded frogs was studied. In the preoptic nucleus no difference could be observed between the two groups of blinded frogs neither in the amount of incorporated 35S-cysteine nor in the amount of aldehydefuchsin positive material nor in the nuclear volume of the secretory cells. These results were compared with those of an experiment with intact frogs kept simultaneously under the same environmental conditions. It appeared that the activity of the dark-treated blinded group was enhanced compared with the activity of the dark-treated intact group while the light-treated blinded frogs showed a decrease in activity compared with the similarly treated intact animals. Likewise the influence of a long daily photoperiod on the hypothalamo-hypophysial system of unilaterally blinded frogs was studied. The activity of the preoptic nucleus was lower on the side where the optic nerve had been cut than on the intact side. In the dorsal part of the preoptic nucleus a difference between the two sides could not be observed. The significance of these results is discussed with regards to a possible connection between retina and preoptic nucleus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307040
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of light and darkness on the hypothalamo-hypophysial system ofRana esculenta and the involvement of the pineal complex (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 146 (1973), S. 491-500 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hypothalamo-hypophysial system ; Pineal complex ; Rana esculenta ; Light/darkness ; Autoradiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary InRana esculenta the activity of the hypothalamo-hypophysial system has been investigated in intact and blinded animals, after removal of the frontal organ and after elimination of the whole pineal complex. The results on intact and blinded animals are practically the same as those found earlier inRana temporaria. Light increases the activity of the preoptic nucleus, blinding changes the difference between light- and darkness-treated intact animals. Compared with the intact animals the other two groups (without frontal organ and without pineal complex) show a marked increase in incorporation of35S-cysteine in the preoptic nucleus. A difference between the animals without frontal organ and those without pineal complex, however, can hardly be observed. It follows that the absence of the frontal organ has the same influence on the preoptic nucleus as elimination of the whole pineal complex. In intact animals the influence of the frontal organ on the preoptic nucleus consists of an inhibition of neurosecretory activity as well under light as under darkness conditions. The enhanced synthesis of labelled material in the preoptic nucleus after removal of the frontal organ, results in a transport along the hypothalamo-hypophysial tract mainly to the outer zone of the median eminence and not to the posterior lobe.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02347178
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron microscopic observations on the retino-preoptic pathway of Rana temporaria L. (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 161 (1975), S. 177-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Retino-preoptic tract ; Rana temporaria ; Degeneration ; Electron micro ; scopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electron microscopic observations confirm the presence of optic terminals of retinal origin in the preoptic area of Rana temporaria. After unilateral section of the optic nerve, degenerating axon terminals were observed among the neurosecretory cells of the preoptic nucleus, both ipsilaterally and contralaterally. The retino-preoptic terminals apparently establish axo-dendritic synapses with non-neurosecretory neurons. Many more degenerating fibres were seen in the ipsilateral preoptic nucleus than in the contralateral nucleus. These are presumed to pass through and to cross in the dorsal posterior part of the optic chiasm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220366
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of light and darkness on the hypothalamo-hypophysial system of Rana temporaria L. (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 113 (1971), S. 174-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hypothalamo-hypophysial system ; Rana temporaria ; Illumination ; Autoradiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The influence of a long daily photoperiod and continuous darkness was studied on the hypothalamo-hypophysial system of Rana temporaria. After six weeks of treatment (December-January 1968/1969) the secretory activity of the hypothalamo-hypophysial system of the light-treated animals was enhanced. The amount of aldehyde-fuchsin positive material in the preoptic nucleus increased as a result of the light treatment, and decreased in the median eminence, whereas in the posterior lobe no difference could be observed between the light- and dark-treated animals. The karyometric results showed an increase of the nuclear volume of the cells of the preoptic nucleus after light treatment; small differences were noticed between distinct areas of the preoptic nucleus. Autoradiographic data especially showed that light influenced the hypothalamo-hypophysial system to a high degree. Half an hour after the injection of 35S-cysteine, the incorporation of the isotope in the preoptic nucleus of the light-treated animals was five times as much as in the dark-treated animals. In the median eminence and in the posterior lobe, the autoradiographic results confirmed the results found with regard to the amount of aldehyde-fuchsin positive material. Labelled material is released only from the median eminence and not from the posterior lobe.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00339414
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The innervation of the corpus cardiacum of Locusta migratoria: A neuroanatomical study with the use of Lucifer yellow (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 258 (1989), S. 301-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Corpus cardiacum ; Neuroanatomical tracing ; Lucifer yellow ; Locusta migratoria (Insecta)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Neural connections of the corpus cardiacum (CC) in the African locust, Locusta migratoria, were labelled with the fluorescent tracer Lucifer yellow. (1) Unilateral anterograde labelling of the nervus corporis cardiaci I revealed fluorescent fibres in the storage lobe of the CC (CCS). Some fluorescent fibres in the CCS closely approached the ipsilateral border of the glandular lobes of the CC (CCG). Fluorescent fibres also projected into the neuropile of the hypocerebral ganglion via the ipsilateral nervi cardiostomatogastrici I and II, and from there into the oesophageal nerves. (2) Unilateral anterograde labelling of the nervus corporis cardiaci II revealed fluorescent fibres in the CCS and in the ipsilateral CCG. Fluorescent fibres also projected via the ipsilateral nervus corporis allati I into the corpus allatum. (3) Unilateral retrograde labelling of the nervus corporis allati I revealed a distinct fluorescent nerve tract that runs through the CCS and into the nervus corporis cardiaci II. The tract arises from about eight cell bodies in the brain at the rostroventral side of the ipsilateral calyx of the mushroom body. (4) Labelling of the recurrent nerve revealed fluorescent fibres and some fluorescent cell bodies in the hypocerebral ganglion and, via the nervi cardiostomatogastrici I and II, also in the CCS. Fluorescent fibres were also present in the oesophageal nerves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00239450
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Autoradiographic study of the production of secretory material by the subcommissural organ of frogs (Rana temporaria) after injection of several radioactive precursors, with special reference to the glycosilation and turnover rate of the secretory material (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 248 (1987), S. 215-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Subcommissural organ ; Glycoproteins ; Secretory process ; Reissner's fibre ; Autoradiography ; Rana temporaria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The suitability of several radioactive precursors for studying the secretory processes in the cells of the subcommissural organ (SCO) of frogs (Rana temporaria) was tested by means of autoradiography. Special attention was paid to: (a) the contributions made by different cellular compartments to the glycosilation of the secretory product, and (b) the intracellular turnover rate of the secretory material. From the results it is concluded that: (1)3H-glucosamine excellently labels Reissner's fibre (RF) in autoradiographs, much better than any other of the radioactive precursors applied. (2)3H-glucosamine molecules are attached to the protein moiety of the secretory product within the periand subnuclear granular endoplasmic reticulum, whereas3H-fucose and additional3H-glucosamine molecules are added to the oligosaccharide moiety in the supranuclear Golgi apparatus, previous to apical release; consequently, the subnuclear secretory material and the material that is released into the brain ventricle are chemically different so far as the oligosaccharide moiety is concerned. (3) The oligosaccharide portion of the apical secretory product belongs (at least partially) to the class of the N-linked complex type oligosaccharides. (4) The intracellular half-life of the subnuclear secretory material is at least 5.5 days. (5) The subnuclear secretory material in the ependymal SCOcells presumably has to pass through the Golgi apparatus before it can be released; this release probably occurs at the apical cell border.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01239983
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Secretory activity of the subcommissural organ in Rana temporaria under osmotic stimulation (1985)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 241 (1985), S. 663-670 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Subcommissural organ ; Reissner's fibre ; Aldosterone ; Autoradiography ; Rana temporaria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The secretory activity of the subcommissural organ (SCO) in the frog Rana temporaria was studied under conditions of dehydration. After injection of a radioactive precursor the amount and concentration of radioactively labelled material in the SCO are smaller in dehydrated than in control animals. Concomitantly, the growth rate of the CSF-fibre (Reissner's fibre) increases in dehydrated animals. It follows that water deprivation enhances the secretory activity of the SCO. To investigate whether the SCO may be responsible for the secretion of an aldosteronotropic factor as suggested in the literature, brains were incubated in vitro with a radioactive precursor and with or without aldosterone. The SCO of the aldosterone-treated brains contains more radioactively labelled material than the SCO of the control brains. It is argued that this is indicative of a lower secretory activity. It means that aldosterone inhibits the secretory activity of the SCO, possibly by a process of negative feed-back regulation. The results of the present experiments can be interpreted in favour of an involvement of the SCO-Reissner's fibre complex in osmoregulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214589
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ageing adipokinetic cells in Locusta migratoria: an ultrastructural morphometric study (1992)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 268 (1992), S. 117-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Corpus cardiacum ; Adipokinetic cells ; Ageing ; Secretory process ; Secretory granules ; Lysosomes ; Autophagy ; Locusta migratoria (Insecta)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A morphometric study was made of the ultrastructure of adipokinetic cells in resting adults of Locusta migratoria at 3, 23, and 43 days after imaginal ecdysis. The nucleus, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus enlarge with age, which indicates that the synthesis and packaging of secretory substances increases during ageing. The size of the storage compartment, consisting of secretory and ergastoplasmic granules, does not increase earlier than 23–43 days after imaginal ecdysis. The lysosomal compartment markedly enlarges between 3 and 23 days; later on, the growth of this compartment, especially of autophagosomes, is less prominent. This suggests that lysosomal destruction initially compensates for the production of new secretory granules, assuming that exocytosis of secretory granules by adipokinetic cells is insignificant in resting locusts. Afterwards, lysosomal destruction may no longer be sufficient to prevent over-production of secretory granules, as is suggested by the increase in the number of these granules between 23 and 43 days. This coincides with the appearance of a considerable number of large ergastoplasmic granules, which represent a spatially more efficient form of storage of secretory material than the much smaller secretory granules. The increase with age in the amount of secretory products indicates that the biosynthetic activity of the adipokinetic cells is not (finely) tuned to their releasing activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00338060
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