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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Forest pathology 27 (1997), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1439-0329
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) seedlings were planted in a nursery bed 20 cm thick. The substrate had been removed from an illuvial horizon in the soil underlying a stand of Scots pine in Finland, which had suffered from severe infection by Gremmeniella abietina. The seedlings were irrigated for 3 years, applying three pH levels (2.5, 3.5, and 4.5) using sulphuric acid, nitric acid, and a 3:1 mixture of sulphuric and nitric acid. The pH of the pure water used in the control treatment was 6.1–6.4. The seedlings were inoculated with the conidiospores of G. abietina to find out their susceptibility to infection with the Scleroderris canker disease.Because to the adequacy of its buffering capacity, the soil was observed to become more acidic only in the treatments at pH 2.5. The concentrations of extractable Ca and Mg cations decreased while the concentration of Al and Fe increased with soil acidification during the 3-year experiment. Acidification did not increase the susceptibility of Scots pine to infection by the Scleroderris canker. Seedling growth was at its maximum in the acidification treatments where most nitrogen was added.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 36 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The timing of spawning of perch was examined in four acidified lakes (pH 4.4–4.8) and in one circum-neutral lake (pH 6.3) in southern Finland in spring 1987. In three of the lakes, perch started to spawn soon after the ice melt (4–14 degree days 〉 5° C) and had spawned by the end of May at about 100 degree days 〉 5° C. In the two most acidified lakes, fish started to spawn later, at 35 and 60 degree days 〉 5° C, and had spawned in early June, at about 200 degree days 〉 5° C. The maturing of gonad products was delayed in both males and females.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Aequationes mathematicae 56 (1998), S. 98-130 
    ISSN: 1420-8903
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract. Some properties of quasiadditive functions are studied. Various Hölderian growth estimates are obtained, connections to the classes of Lipschitz and quasisymmetric functions are established, and functional inequalities proved for these functions. Important examples of quasiadditive functions include distortion functions of quasiconformal maps.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 24 (1998), S. 1315-1331 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Pinus sylvestris ; seed provenances ; herbivore resistance ; terpenes ; resin acids ; seedling growth ; aphid ; Lygus bug
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Variation in the growth, chemical defense, and susceptibility to monophagous and polyphagous sucking herbivores was assessed for four Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) provenances in Petri dish and pot experiments. Seed provenances, Muonio (MU), Suomussalmi (SU), Korpilahti (KO), and Saaremaa (SA) represented a 1200-km N–S gradient. Scots pines from SU were least preferred as a host plant by pine-feeding aphids Schizolachnus pineti Fabr. and Eulachnus agilis, and in pot experiments, pines from SA were most preferred. S. pineti also produced the fewest nymphs on pines from SU. Polyphagous Lygus rugulipennis laid significantly fewer eggs on pines from MU provenance, which were smaller than seedlings from other provenances. The total and some individual terpene concentrations increased, while the total resin acid concentration decreased, towards the north. The absolute concentrations of total or individual terpenes and resin acids in the needles of unfavored SU plants did not differ significantly from the other provenances. Only the proportional quantity of dehydroabietic acid was higher in SU plants than in KO plants, and it correlated, together with sandaracopimaric acid, negatively with the number of S. pineti nymphs in the reproduction experiment. Conversely, absolute concentrations of some terpenes correlated negatively and some resin acids positively with the number of S. pineti nymphs. The length and weight of shoots decreased towards the north, adequately explaining the number of Lygus eggs and the final numbers of both aphids. The results suggest that seedling size is a better estimator of susceptibility of pine seedlings to both specialist and generalist sucking insects than relative or absolute concentrations of monoterpenes and resin acids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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