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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of fetal liver, brain and placental volumes with echo–planar magnetic resonance imaging (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 102 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective To quantify accurately in utero fetal liver, brain and placental volumes using echo planar imaging, and to assess whether the technique has the potential to enhance intrauterine fetal assessment.Design Thirty-two singleton, complicated pregnancies were scanned using echo planar imaging, a form of magnetic resonance imaging. Pregnancies were subdivided on the basis of whether the fetus was found subsequently to have an individualised birthweight ratio above (n= 21) or below (n= 11) the 10th centile. Comparisons of the organ volumes of these two groups were made.Results The first quantitative in utero measurement of fetal liver volume showed a linear relation between liver volume and gestational age in fetuses where the individualised birthweight ratio was above the 10th centile (the normal growth group). Ten of the 11 liver volume measurements of fetuses subsequently found to have an individualised birthweight ratio below the 10th centile fell on or outside the 95% confidence limits established for the normal growth group. In contrast, no such differences were demonstrated when the brain and placental volumes were considered, with 10 of the 11 brain measurements and all of the 11 placental measurements falling within the 95% confidence limits of the normal growth group.Conclusions A single measurement of fetal liver volume using echo planar imaging enabled accurate identification of fetuses subsequently found to have individualised birthweight ratios below the 10th centile. If these findings are repeated in larger, more representative studies, this suggests that the technique has the potential to contribute to intrauterine fetal assessment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1995.tb09023.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in obstetrics. I. Maternal anatomy (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 95 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary. We assessed the ability of magnetic resonance, a recently introduced imaging technique, to demonstrate the maternal anatomy in obstetrics. The signal intensity of different maternal tissues using T1 and T2 weighted sequences was examined. The bony pelvis is depicted with sufficient clarity to provide an alternative to conventional X-ray pelvimetry. The placenta and cervix have a distinctive appearance facilitating the diagnosis of placenta praevia. The unique demonstration of cervical morphology will offer the potential for investigation into the illunderstood conditions of cervical dystocia and cervical incompetence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1988.tb06477.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic resonance imaging—its application to cervical carcinoma (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 93 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary. Twenty-five women with primary carcinoma of the cervix were examined with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A number of different pulse sequences with T1 and T2 weighting were employed to determine optimum tissue contrast, and the potential for staging cervical cancer was assessed and compared with the clinical findings. MRI is seen to give a unique view of cervical cancer in particular in stage I and II disease where other imaging techniques have known limitations. In addition, stages III and IV were well seen with demonstration of tumour comparable with that of computerized axial tomography (CT).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1986.tb07866.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in obstetrics. II. Fetal anatomy (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 95 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed in 36 patients at between 10 and 38 weeks gestation to determine the fetal anatomy that could be identified at different gestations. Fetal motion significantly degraded the image quality in the first and second trimesters, but in the final trimester fetal anatomy was clearly demonstrated. T2 weighted sequences showed the fetal brain and lungs to have a high signal intensity. Shorter TR leading to a T1 weighting gave better resolution of the overall anatomy. MRI has revealed the potential for assessment of lung maturity and the growth-retarded fetus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1988.tb06478.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Imaging ovarian tumours by nuclear magnetic resonance (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 91 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The alication of nuclear magnetic resonance imaging to the diagnosis of ovarian tumours has been studied in a group of seven patients with ovarian masses and several healthy unteers who provided examples of normal pelvic anatomy. In three patients, benign unilocular ovarian cysts were demonstrated and in three patients, recurrent ovarian tumours were identified and the extent of the tumours defined. One patient with bilaterial ovarian endometriomas was imaged. Endometrial cysts, like masses in other systems which contain blood or lipid-rich material, show high-density images whereas malignant tumours show tissue densities closer to those of normal tissues. The potential value of this technique in the assessment of pelvic disease is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1984.tb04764.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The clinical applications of echo planar imaging in Neuroradiology (1990)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 32 (1990), S. 367-370 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging ; Echo planar ; Brain ; Spine ; High spped ; Fast imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ultra high speed echo-planar imaging gives an imaging time typically of the order of a few minutes, facilitating throughput, improving patient tolerance and allowing real time dynamic studies. A complete two dimensional image may be aquired in a single shot lasting between 64 and 128 ms. In echo planar imaging the whole of k-space is sampled as a continuous trajectory. By a rapidly switched Gy frequency encoding gradient, a train of gradient echoes is formed, each corresponding to a line in the k plane. Variable degrees at T2- or T1-weighting can be produced by methods outlined. High quality 128×128 transverse axial inversion recovery images of 5–10 mm thickness are obtained in 128 ms plus the inversion time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00588470
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CT and MR imaging of CNS lymphomatoid granulomatosis (1991)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 33 (1991), S. 269-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Brain, disease ; Lymphomatoid granulomatosis ; Brain, computed tomography ; Brain, MR imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The clinical CT and MR imaging features of a pathologically confirmed case of lymphomatoid granulomatosis are presented. The disease was clinically confined to the central nervous system and the diagnosis was only made after brain biopsy had been performed. MR imaging revealed extensive non-confluent regions of white matter abnormality. Although uncommon, lymphomatoid granulomatosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of causes of periventricular and deep white matter lesions, even in the absence of pulmonary lesions. Specific therapy may produce clinical regression of disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00588234
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Book review (1996)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 38 (1996), S. 238-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00596536
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Internal structural mapping by nuclear magnetic resonance (1978)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 16 (1978), S. 607-609 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a well-established tool for studying the properties of materials at the molecular level. The technique has recently been applied to the internal morphological analysis of biological material by producing a series of thin cross-sectional images derived from the distribution of mobile protons. There are grounds for believing that NMR will be more than a mere alternative to computer tomography, for it may prove possible to achieve both a useful degree of tissue characterization through analysing components of the complex NMR signal and also an approach to the measurement of blood flow in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00395378
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic resonance imaging in obstetrics and gynecology: progress and limitations (1994)
    Springer
    Magnetic resonance materials in physics, biology and medicine 2 (1994), S. 247-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1352-8661
    Keywords: infertility ; tumor ; uterus ; ovary ; fetus ; echo-planar imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The introduction of phase-array coils, fast spin echo, and certain other pulse sequences together with use of contrast agents has refined the application of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in pelvic disease. It makes management decisions in a number of benign conditions including uterine anomalies, adenomyosis, and leiomyomas of the uterus and endometriosis, especially in the context of infertility; it facilitates identification and characterisation of adnexal masses. In uterine malignancy, the multiplanar capability and excellent soft tissue contrast permit accurate assessment of depth of tumor invasion, tumor volume, and extension to adjacent structures. Its precise role in the management of primary and recurrent ovarian cancer remains to be decided. In pelvic malignancy, contrast facilitates identification of viable tumor but does not improve tissue specificity. In obstetrics, MRI is an attractive alternative to X-ray pelvimetry and assists in the evaluation of associated uterine and pelvic pathology. The use of echo-planar imaging eliminates movement artifact and has the potential to complement ultrasound in the assessment of fetal abnormalities and provide a method of identifying growth retardation from volume measurements of body organs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01705248
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