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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunoglobulin Class Switch Recombination (1993)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Immunology 11 (1993), S. 361-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 0732-0582
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.iy.11.040193.002045
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Possibility of B-Cell-Dependent T-Cell Development (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 57 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The development of T cells is thought to be independent of B cells. However, defects in cell-mediated immunity in individuals with B-cell deficiency suggest the contrary. To test whether B cells affect T-lymphocyte development, we constructed mice with a monoclonal T-cell compartment (MT) and monoclonal B- and T-cell compartments (MBTs). In these mice, the T cells expressed a DO 11.10 transgenic (DO-T) cell receptor restricted to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class IId. While CD4+ DO-T lymphocytes are rare in transgenic H-2b MT mice, we found that in H-2b MBT mice under the influence of B cells, DO-T lymphocytes mature into large numbers of CD4+ peripheral T cells. H-2b MBT mice have more CD4+ thymocytes than H-2b MT mice. These data are consistent with the view that B cells play some role in thymocyte development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.2003.01257.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antibody patterns in genetically identical frogs (1976)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 264 (1976), S. 642-644 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Crosses of X. laevis (L) with X. gilli (G) yield female (LG) offspring which lay diploid eggs, the genome of which is identical to that of the mothers. The gynogenetic development (that from the female pronucleus alone) of these eggs gives rise to individuals which are genetically identical; that ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/264642a0
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Possible target of Abelson virus phosphokinase in cell transformation (1986)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 42 (1986), S. 1036-1038 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Abelson virus ; centromere ; chromosome condensation ; premature chromosome condensation ; transformation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary By fusing interphase cells to cells undergoing mitosis, the interphase chromosomes can be visualized. When analyzed in this way, chromosomes of normal mouse cells show characteristic undercondensed centromeric regions. We have found that the centromeric regions of chromosomes from Abelson virus-transformed cells are fully condensed. Abelson virus transforms mouse cells by introducing into them a virally encoded phosphokinase that is expressed constitutively. Thus, we propose that the condensation of centromeric chromatin is a result of overphosphorylation by the Abelson virus phosphokinase, and that the centromeric region is the relevant target of overphosphorylation in transformed cell growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01940721
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mapping of the SWAP70 gene to mouse Chromosome 7 and human Chromosome 11p15 (2000)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 51 (2000), S. 16-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Keywords: Key words B lymphocytes ; Activation ; Heavy-chain class switch ; B-cell receptor ; Signalling protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The protein SWAP-70 was isolated as part of a DNA recombination complex in B lymphocytes, where it is predominantly expressed. In resting B cells, SWAP-70 is found in the cytoplasm; upon B-cell activation, it is transported both into the nucleus and to the cell membrane, where it is associated with the B-cell receptor complex and may play a role in signal transduction. In the nucleus, its involvement in heavy-chain class switch recombination has been suggested. In this report, using restriction fragment length polymorphism, simple sequence length polymorphism, and fluorescence in situ hybridization, we map the chromosomal localization of the mouse and the human genes to syntenic regions of mouse mid Chromosome (Chr) 7 and human Chr 11p15.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002510050003
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhancers of hypermutation (1996)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 45 (1996), S. 59-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Hypermutation at the immunoglobulin (Ig) loci increases the mutation rate more than 105-fold over the normal, spontaneous rate. We studied two kinds of cis-acting elements – 3′ enhancers and promoters – in a system in which a gene encoding the μ heavy (H) chain (Igm) is transfected in vitro into a cell line with an active Ig mutator. A construct containing a rearranged Igm gene requires the 3′H enhancer for hypermutation at a rate comparable with the one at the endogenous gene segment encoding the H chain variable region (V). Without the 3′ enhancer, the basal mutational activity is much lower, but still higher than the normal, spontaneous mutation rate. Replacement of the 3′H enhancer by atopic elements of similar function also supports full hypermutation. Even though these 3′ elements are defined as transcriptional enhancers, they do not seem to increase hypermutation via an increase in the rate of transcription. Replacement of the endogenous promoter by the tk promoter slightly increases hypermutability of the construct; thus, no specific sequences in the Ig promoter are likely to target hypermutation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002510050167
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