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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Einfluß von Medikamenten auf den Acetaldehydspiegel im Blut nach Alkoholzufuhr (enzymatische Bestimmung des Acetaldehyd) (1957)
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 46 (1957), S. 70-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Mit einer enzymatischen und damit spezifischen Bestimmung des Acetaldehyd in Körperflüssigkeiten konnte folgendes festgestellt werden. 1. Im Blutserum von Ratten konnte in der Mehrzahl der Fälle keine Acetaldehydkonzentration bestimmt werden, im Einzelfall jedoch bis zu 0,09 mg- %. Die bisher in der Literatur angegebenen Normwerte hinsichtlich des Acetaldehydgehaltes, die aber mit relativ unspezifischen Methoden bestimmt worden waren, ließen sich an Ratten nicht bestätigen. 2. Die bisher mitgeteilten Konzentrationen an Acetaldehyd nach Verabreichung einer Sättigungsdosis von Antabus und Alkohol liegen über 2 mg- %. Auch bei Überprüfung dieser Versuchsanordnung konnte niemals die Höhe dieser Werte bestätigt werden. Im Höchstfall fanden sich bis zu 0,3 mg- %. Auch nach Einverleibung von pyrazolhaltigen (Butazolidin, Irgapyrin), barbitursäurehaltigen (Luminal) Präparaten und Phenacetin konnte ein über der Norm erhöhter Acetaldehydspiegel im Blut von Ratten festgestellt werden. Die Konzentrationen lagen zwischen 0,1 und 0,2 mg-%. Es wird gefolgert, daß möglicherweise die bisherigen für Acetaldehyd relativ unspezifischen Nachweismethoden auch andere intermediäre Stoffwechselprodukte (eventuell Brenztraubensäure) miterfaßten, was in weiteren Untersuchungen geklärt werden soll. Im Zusammenhang mit den vorliegenden Untersuchungsergebnissen und den beim Menschen beobachteten Nebenwirkungen nach den hier in Frage kommenden Medikamenten und Alkohol werden insbesondere Kraftfahrer gewarnt auch nur geringe Mengen Alkohol zu trinken, wenn zuvor eine Einnahme der genannten Medikamente stattfand.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00664438
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Beeinflussung des intermediären Stoffwechsels durch verschiedene Medikamente und nachfolgende Alkoholgaben (1957)
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 46 (1957), S. 575-582 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In Fortführung früherer tierexperimenteller Untersuchungen konnte festgestellt werden, daß die abnormen Erscheinungen nach Einverleibung von Alkohol-Antabus genauso wie die nach „gleichzeitiger” Verabreichung von Präparaten der Pyrazolonreihe, von barbitursäure- sowie isonicotinsäurehydrazidhaltigen Medikamenten und Alkohol nur zum Teil auf eine Erhöhung des Acetaldehydspiegels im Blut zurückzuführen sind. Ein Teil der Symptome dürfte durch eine vielfach nicht unbeträchtliche Steigerung der Brenztraubensäure (BTS) im Blut, zumindest bei Ratten, hervorgerufen werden. Der Nachweis des Acetaldehyds sowie der BTS im Serum geschahen auf enzymatischem Weg. Normalerweise fanden sich im Serum von Ratten 1,2±0,15 mg-% BTS. Nach einer l–3tägigen Medikamentbehandlung (Antabus, Irgapyrin, Butazolidin, Rimifon Phenacetin und Luminal und nachfolgenden Alkoholgaben (1,5 g/kg) fanden sich Erhöhungen der BTS zumeist (außer Rimifon und Alkoholgaben) zwischen 3–5 mg-%, teils noch wesentlich mehr (bis zu 12mg-%). Der Acetaldehydspiegel überstieg selbst nach massiven Antabusgaben und Alkoholverabreichung nicht 0,3 mg-%. Es kann mit Recht vermutet werden, daß die BTS dadurch vermehrt auftritt, daß eine Inaktivierung der Cocarboxylase durch die obige Behandlung herbeigeführt wird, nachdem die Erhöhung des Acetaldehyd durch eine Hemmung einer der Leber-Aldehyddehydrasen zustande kommt. Beim Ablauf der Antabus-Alkohol-Reaktion und der zwischen verschiedenen Medikamenten und Alkohol handelt es sich somit um einen komplexen Eingriff in den intermediären Stoffwechsel, wobei eine Reihe von Enzymen in ihrer Aktivität gehemmt werden. Es muß weiteren Untersuchungen vorbehalten bleiben zu klären, welch vielfältiger Wirkungsmechanismus hier im einzelnen abläuft. Auf die gerichtsmedizinische Bedeutung dieser Befunde wird in Anbetracht der Verbindung: Schmerzmittelgebrauch—Alkohol und Kraftfahrer hingewiesen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00665320
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Management of Nonfunctioning Islet Cell Carcinomas (2000)
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 24 (2000), S. 1418-1424 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Tumors arising from the pancreatic islet cells are rare and represent a heterogeneous group of benign or malignant lesions. Most tumors present with well characterized syndromes, whereas others appear to be nonfunctioning. The clinical features of 11 men and 7 women with nonfunctioning islet cell carcinomas operated on between 1983 and 1998 were reviewed. The median patient age was 53.5 years (range 26–74 years). The most frequent presenting symptoms were abdominal pain (13 patients), weight loss (7 patients), and obstructive jaundice (4 patients). Gut hormone profiles were normal in all patients. Abdominal sonography and computed tomography localized the tumor in 17 patients, and correct prediction of an endocrine tumor was achieved in 12 patients. Six of seven patients showed a hypervascular tumor upon angiograpy, and seven of eight patients preoperatively had positive somatostatin receptor scintigraphy. At operation, regional or distant metastases were present in 15 (83%) and 6 (33%) patients, respectively. Eleven patients underwent potentially curative resections, and the remaining seven patients were managed palliatively by resection (four patients) or bypass procedures (three patients). Three patients had up to three more resection for metastases. Eight patients received postoperative octreotide, interferon α therapy, or both. The overall cumulative 5- and 10-year survival rates were 65.4% and 49.1%, respectively. Of the 11 patients who underwent curative resection, 10 were alive after a median follow-up of 63 months (range 7–180 months), but only 5 are free from disease. Although surgical cure is rare in nonfunctioning islet cell carcinomas, significant long-term palliation can be achieved in a large proportion of patients with an aggressive surgical approach and, when indicated, additional medical therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002680010234
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimentelle Untersuchungen über Art und Ausmaß der Rückschleuderung von Blut und Gewebeteilen beim absoluten und relativen Nahschuß (1963)
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 54 (1963), S. 258-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Notes: Zusammenfassung An narkotisierten Kaninchen wurden Schußversuche (Pistole, 7,65 mm) durchgeführt, die das Ziel hatten, Art und Ausmaß der vom Einschuß her erfolgten Rückschleuderung im vollen Umfang auf großen Kartonflächen (48×68 cm) zu erfassen. Hinweise auf die Schußrichtung ergeben sich nur beim absoluten Nahschuß. Beim relativen Nahschuß sind die erhaltenen Bilder inkonstant. Ab 2,5 cm Schußentfernung kommt es unabhängig vom Schußwinkel (0–30°) nur noch zu spärlicher, unregelmäßig begrenzter Rückschleuderung von Blut, Haaren und Pulverschmauch. Der Schwerpunkt der Spuren lag auf dem „Abklatschbild jedoch stets oberhalb der Mündung der Waffe. Gleichzeitig wurde die mögliche Rückschleuderung von Haaren und Gewebsteilen vom Ausschuß in den Schußkanal hinein überprüft. In keinem Fall wurde ein derartiges Phänomen beobachtet“.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00574419
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of DNA filter hybridization and PCR to distinguish between human and non-human tissues of poor quality (1993)
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 105 (1993), S. 307-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Species identification ; Long-term storage ; Human or non-human origin ; PCR ; Southern blot hybridization ; Spezies-Identifizierung ; Langzeitlagerung ; Menschliche oder nicht-menschliche Herkunft ; PCR ; Southern-Blot-Hybridisierung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der vorliegende Bericht beschreibt eine neuartige Strategie für die Identifizierung von menschlichen oder nicht-menschlichen Geweben nach Langzeitlagerung in schlecht erhaltenem Zustand. Die Anwendung der PCR-Technik (Polymerase Kettenreaktion) mit Hilfe humanspezifischer Starter sowie mit Hilfe der Southern Blot-Hybridisierung der Proben-DNA mit einer Primaten-spezifischen DNA-Sonde versetzte uns in die Lage, die positive Identifizierung jenseits der Nachweisgrenzen konventioneller Methoden, wie serologische und morphologische Untersuchungen auszudehnen.
    Notes: Summary The present report describes a novel approach for the identification of human or non-human specimens after long-term storage in a badly preserved state. The application of the PCR-technique (polymerase chain reaction) using human-specific primers as well as Southern blot (filter) hybridization of the sample DNA to a primate-specific DNA probe enabled us to extend the positive identification beyond the limits of conventional methods such as serological or morphological examinations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01222112
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Permeability of the external glial limiting membrane of rat parietal cortex (1983)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 166 (1983), S. 427-437 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Glia limitans ; Permeability ; Gap junctions ; Ruthenium Red
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary As the relevance of previous reports demonstrating the permeability of the glia limitans appears to be not generally accepted, the problem is reinvestigated by examination of the ultrastructure of the glia limitans in combination with tracer studies using Ruthenium Red. The results clearly show that gap junctions are the only type of intercellular contact present in this layer. Measurements of the lengths of cross-sections of junctional regions reveal a decrease in size in absolute terms as well as in relation to total astrocytic surface if one proceeds from the more superficial layers into the depth of the tissue. The intercellular clefts leading from the subarachnoidal space into the interspaces of brain tissue are patent thus allowing the tracer to penetrate to a depth of 0.4–0.6 mm in one hour. Although these observations confirm the idea of an ultimate communication between the cerebrospinal fluid compartments and the extracellular space of brain the discussion shows how the particular arrangement of the intercellular channels and the cells bordering them may be suited to control the local composition of interstitial fluid independently from that of the cerebrospinal fluid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00305928
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of vimentin-type intermediate filaments in Sertoli cells of the human testis, normal and pathologic (1988)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 178 (1988), S. 129-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Human testis ; Sertoli cells ; Spermatogenesis ; Spermatogenetic disturbances ; Intermediate filaments ; 3D reconstruction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The presence, distribution and spatial arrangement of vimentin-type intermediate filaments in Sertoli cells from human testis biopsies, were studied in semithin and ultrathin sections using a polyclonal rabbit antiserum. At the ultrastructural level, vimentin immunoreactivity was seen concentrated around the nuclei, along fibrillary material within the cytoplasm and at the ectoplasmic specializations of the Sertoli cell junctions, as well as throughout the periphery of the Sertoli cell processes. It is therefore well suited as a marker for Sertoli cell configuration. In computer-aided 3D reconstructions of 20 serial sections, Sertoli cells displayed particular configurations of intermediate filaments in the different stages of spermatogenesis. Two basic configurations, named AS (before spermiation, stages V, VI, I and II), and PS (after spermiation, stages III and IV) respectively, could be differentiated. In addition to the reconstruction and morphological analysis of vimentin filaments in Sertoli cells from patients with unaltered spermatogenesis (obstructive azoospermia), pathological specimens (spermatogenetic arrest, Sertoli cells only-syndrome) were studied with respect to vimentin immunohistochemistry. The results indicate that vimentin filaments play an important role in the adaptation of Sertoli cells to the varying configurations of neighbouring cells during spermatogenesis as well as under pathological conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02463646
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A case of an anomalous pulmonary vein of the right middle lobe (1995)
    Springer
    CardioVascular & interventional radiology 18 (1995), S. 406-409 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-086X
    Keywords: Anomalous pulmonary vein ; Pulmonary veins, abnormalities ; Chest x-ray ; Scimitar syndrome, differential diagnosis ; Digital subtraction angiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A case is reported in which the abnormal course of a pulmonary vein was suggested by computed tomography and confirmed by digital subtraction angiography. The vein drained blood from the right middle lobe into the apical pulmonary vein. This abnormality was probably due to abnormal segmentation of the right lung. Comparable cases have been reported in the literature. It is important to distinguish these benign lesions from more complex malformations because of the therapeutic and prognostic implications. The radiologic findings of this case and a systematic overview of pulmonary vein abnormalities is provided.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00338311
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Local Intravascular Drug Delivery: In Vitro Comparison of Three Catheter Systems (1998)
    Springer
    CardioVascular & interventional radiology 21 (1998), S. 50-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-086X
    Keywords: Key words: Local drug delivery—Restenosis—Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty—Balloon angioplasty
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Purpose: The aim of this in vitro study was to compare different catheter systems for local drug delivery with respect to the penetration depth of a biotin marker solution delivered into the vessel wall. Methods: Post-mortem carotid arteries from pigs were locally infused with a biotin solution using three different catheter systems. With all catheters (microporous balloon catheter, hydrogel-coated balloon catheter, and spiral balloon catheter) we used the same pressure of 405 kPa (4 atm) and infusion times of 60, 90, and 300 sec. After infusion the arteries were histologically prepared and stained using a biotin-specific method. With a light microscope an observer, blinded to the catheter type, scored the amount of biotin within the vessel wall, measured as staining intensity, and the penetration depth of the biotin. Results: Delivery with the hydrogel-coated balloon catheter was limited to the intima and the innermost parts of the media. The spiral balloon and microporous balloon catheter showed both a deeper penetration and a larger amount of delivered biotin compared with the hydrogel catheter, with a slightly deeper penetration using the microporous catheter. The penetration depth showed a correlation with infusion time for the spiral balloon and microporous catheters, but not for the hydrogel-coated catheter. Conclusion: Different catheter designs lead to different patterns of local drug delivery. The differences in penetration depth and amount of the substance delivered to the vessel wall should be known and might be useful for targeting specific areas within the vessel wall.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002709900211
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Are Covered Stents Really Effective at Closing Esophagotracheal Fistulas? Results of an Animal Study (2000)
    Springer
    CardioVascular & interventional radiology 23 (2000), S. 291-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-086X
    Keywords: Key words: Esophagus, grafts and prostheses—Interventional procedure—Stents and prostheses—Fistula, tracheoesophageal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Purpose: To determine whether covered self-expanding metal stents successfully exclude experimentally created esophagotracheal fistulas. Methods: Esophagotracheal fistulas were surgically created in the upper third of the esophagus in 12 minipigs and immediately sealed by implantation of a covered self-expanding metal stent (20 mm expanded diameter) in the esophagus. Before the animals were killed, after 3, 7, 14, 28, 30, and 36 days, the position of the stent and the sealing of the fistula were monitored fluoroscopically. The esophagus, trachea, and both lungs were examined histologically. Results: Creation of an esophagotracheal fistula was successful in all cases. All fistulas were widely patent at autopsy. The technical success rate for stent deployment and initial sealing of the fistula was 100%. During follow-up, five stents migrated distally, but none into the stomach. Therefore, the fistula was no longer excluded in five animals. In seven animals the stent sealed the fistula until the death of the animal. Tracheal narrowing necessitated additional tracheal stenting in three animals. Two minipigs died due to aspiration of food. Histologic examination showed signs of aspiration in all animals with stents in place for longer than 2 weeks. Conclusion: This experimental animal study revealed worse results for sealing of esophagotracheal fistulas with covered self-expanding metal stents than have been reported for the clinical use of these devices.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002700010071
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