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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 297 (1979), S. 156-158 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Natrium, Kalium in Salzsäure ; Spektralphotometrie, Flammenemission ; Matrixeffekt, math. Modelle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Two-component analysis has been proposed for the determination of Na and K in HCl by flame emission spectrometry. The method is based on empirical mathematical models approximating the relationship between emission intensity and concentrations of sample components. The results obtained in the analysis of tens of samples of known composition show that the proposed method of determination is more reliable than others usually used.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Zur Bestimmung von Na und K in Salzsäure durch Flammenphotometrie wird eine Methode der Zweikomponentenanalyse vorgeschlagen, die auf empirischen mathematischen Modellen beruht, die der Beziehung zwischen Emissionsintensität und Elementkozentration angenähert sind. Ergebnisse von zahlreichen Analysen bekannter Proben beweisen, daß die beschriebene Methode zuverlässiger ist als bisher benutzte andere Verfahren.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 308 (1981), S. 332-338 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Magnesium, Calcium ; Spektrometrie, Atomabsorption ; Matrixeffekt, empirische math. Modelle, Optimierung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A method of experimental optimization of an analytical procedure aimed at elimination of the matrix effect is proposed which is based on the theory of design of experiments. The criterion functions Q are formulated, which are expressed by regression coefficients in the empirical mathematical model approximating the relationship between a quantity R and the concentrations of sample components. R denotes, for example, the measured signal (e.g. absorbance, emission intensity), the concentration of a component being determined read from the calibration graph, or the error of determination. The quantities Q depend, in general, on the conditions of analysis which can be expressed by the factors z 1..., z M (e.g., in AAS — observation height, gas flux, concentrations of the auxiliary substances in a sample, etc.). It is assumed that the extreme of a function Q corresponds to the optimum conditions of analysis. In this paper the relationship between a quantity Q and the factors z is approximated by the polynomial model. The regression coefficients in this model are estimated on the basis of the results of an experiment carried out according to the composite rotatable design. The extreme of the model is found mathematically. Various criterion functions Q are discussed. An example concerning determination of Mg and Ca in AlCl3 reagent by AAS is presented.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Ein auf der Theorie der Versuchsplanung beruhendes Verfahren zur experimentellen Optimierung einer analytischen Methode mit dem Ziel der Eliminierung des Matrixeffekts wird beschrieben. Die Kriteriumfunktionen Q werden formuliert, die durch Regressionskoeffizienten in einem mathematischen Modell ausgedrückt werden, das der Beziehung zwischen einem Wert R und den Konzentrationen der Bestandteile angenähert ist. Hierbei bedeutet R z. B. das gemessene Signal (Extinktion, Emissionsintensität), den von der Eichkurve abgelesenen Konzentrationswert oder den Fehler der Bestimmung. Der Wert Q hängt im allgemeinen von den Analysenbedingungen ab, die durch die Faktoren z 1... z M (bei der AAS zum Beispiel die Beobachtungshöhe, der Gasstrom, die Konzentration von Hilfssubstanzen usw.) ausgedrückt werden können. Es wird angenommen, daß der Extremwert einer Funktion Q den optimalen Analysenbedingungen entspricht. Die Beziehung zwischen Q und den Faktoren z wird durch ein Polynommodell angenähert. Die Regressionskoeffizienten in diesem Modell werden aufgrund von Versuchsergebnissen bestimmt. Der Extremwert des Modells wird mathematisch berechnet. Verschiedene Kriteriumfunktionen Q werden diskutiert. Als Beispiel wird die Bestimmung von Mg und Ca in AlCl3 mit Hilfe der AAS beschrieben.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 302 (1980), S. 402-406 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Calcium, Magnesium, Natrium, Kalium, Eisen, Mangan in Dolomit ; Spektrometrie, Flammenemission/Spektrometrie, Atomabsorption, Untersuchung des Matrixeinflusses
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The matrix effects in the determination of the main components of dolomite by flame emission (Na, K) and atomic absorption spectrometry (Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn) have been examined according to the methodology based on the theory of design of experiments. The influence of some auxiliary compounds added to a sample solution has been investigated. The determination of Fe and Mn proved to be specific. The matrix effect has been eliminated in the determination of K by adding a mixture of NaCl and H3PO4, in the determination of Na by KCl spectral buffer, in the determination of Mg by NaCl buffer and in the case of Ca by SrCl2 as a spectral buffer.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Mit Hilfe methodisch geplanter Versuche wurde der Einfluß der Matrix auf die Bestimmung von Na und K (Emission) sowie Ca, Mg, Fe und Mn (Absorption) untersucht. Ebenso wurde der Einfluß verschiedener Zusätze geprüft. Die Bestimmung von Fe und Mn erwies sich als spezifisch. In den anderen Fällen konnte die Matrixstörung durch folgende Zusätze behoben werden: Gemisch von NaCl und H3PO4 für K, KCl für Na, NaCl für Mg, SrCl2 für Ca.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biospectroscopy 3 (1997), S. 403-407 
    ISSN: 1075-4261
    Keywords: renal stones ; FTIR ; FT-Raman ; PIXE ; AES ; trace elements ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Urolithiasis is a disease that has been studied for many years, and the ethiopathogenesis of stone formation is not well understood. It is therefore important to fully recognize both the stone's chemical structure and composition. The structural composition of renal stones was determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy. The elemental composition was determined by means of proton-induced X-ray emission, and the lead concentration was confirmed using atomic emission spectroscopy. Because of varying calculi composition, it was convenient to divide the stones into six groups: magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate (struvite), calcium phosphate (apatite), mixed phosphates and oxalates, calcium oxalate mono- and dihydrate (whewellite and wedellite), mixed oxalates and uric acid, and uric acid. Trace elements interact with the body's organs and thus play a significant role in the living processes. It is important to establish concentration levels in analyzed materials. Such information can help in the diagnosis and evaluation of the risk of stone formation. Therefore, the concentration of trace elements in the samples has been determined. The correlation between lead concentration and structural composition and the correlation between lead concentration and environmental influence were found. The results obtained were statistically analyzed. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biospectroscopy 3: 403-407, 1997
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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