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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Communication Disorders 22 (1989), S. 137-145 
    ISSN: 0021-9924
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of colorectal disease 8 (1993), S. 220-224 
    ISSN: 1432-1262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Six femmes souffrant de scléroses en plaques avec des symptômes de constipation, et d'incontinence fécale ont été étudiées par manométrie anale, proctométrogramme, défécographie et temps de transit intestinal (utilisant des marqueurs inertes). Les résultats ont été comparés à un groupe contrôle (4 femmes et 2 hommes). La pression anale de repos (fonction sphinctérienne interne) était réduite mais de façon non significative comparée au contrôle (46±12.6 vs. 68±8.2 mm Hg: P〉0.1). La pression maximale de rétention (fonction sphinctérienne externe) etait significativement diminuée dans le groupe de malades (13.5±4.5 vs. 82.5±12.3 mm Hg: P〉0.0001). Les images radiologiques montraient une position anormale du plancher pelvien au repos avec une descente modérée dans la plupart des cas au cours de l'effort. La mesure de l'angle anorectal (fonction du muscle puborectal) indiquait un angle normal au repos (76±10.4 degré) mais avec peu de changement lors de la contraction maximum (74±3.5 degré) ou de l'effort d'évacuation (79±4.6 degré). Les paramétres sensitifs rectaux ne différaient pas des contrôles soit pour la sensation minimale (44.5±5.2 vs. 30±5.8 ml, P〉0.1) ou le volume maximum tolérable (163±34.5 vs. 148±22 ml, P〉0.2). 4 des 6 patients ne pouvaient évacuer 100% de la selle factice à la défécographie, au cours de laquelle le seul défaut anatomique était la presence d'une rectocèle chez 2 patients. Le temps de transit colique révélait un transit anormalement lent chez 82% des patients, tous ayant un retard dans le colon distal. Ces études physiologiques montrent que chez les patients avec sclérose en plaque et mauvais fonctionnement anorectal, il y a une altération marquée de la fonction sphinctérienne externe avec des modifications modérées de la musculature du plancher pelvien. Le retard au temps de transit colique peut être associé avec l'impossibilité d'évacuer complètement le rectum.
    Notes: Abstract Six females suffering from Multiple Sclerosis (MS) with symptoms of constipation and faecal incontinence were investigated using anal manometry, proctometrogram, proctography and large bowel transit time estimates (using inert markers). Results were compared to a control group (4 females, 2 males). Resting anal sphincter pressure (internal sphincter function) was reduced, but not significantly so, compared with controls (46±12.6 vs. 68±8.2 mm Hg: P〉0.1). Maximum squeeze increment pressure (external sphincter function) was significantly diminished in the patient group (13.5±4.5 vs. 82.5±12.3 mm Hg: P〉0.0001). Radiological imaging of the anorectum demonstrated an abnormal position of the pelvic floor at rest, with moderate descent in most cases during straining. Measurement of anorectal angles (puborectalis muscle function) indicated a normal angle at rest (76±10.4 degrees), but with little change on maximum contraction (74±3.5 degrees) and on straining (79±4.6 degrees). Rectal sensory parameters did not differ from controls either for minimum sensation, 44.5±5.2 vs. 30±5.8 ml (P〉0.1), or at maximum tolerable volume, 163±34.5 vs. 148±22 ml (P〉0.2). Four of six patients failed to empty 100% of simulated stool at proctography, at which the only anatomical defect was the presence of a rectocele in two patients. Large bowel transit studies revealed abnormally slow transit in 82% of patients, all of whom had delay in the distal colon. These physiological studies demonstrate that in patients with MS who had anorectal dysfunction, there is a marked impairment of external anal sphincter function with moderate changes in pelvic floor musculature. Delayed distal colonic transit may be associated with inability to completely evacuate the rectum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: colon ; transit time ; radioisotope ; indium-111 DTPA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Patterns of colonic transit were assessed by a simple radioisotopic technique using 3.7 MBq of orally administered [111In]DTPA in 16 control subjects and 37 patients with intractable constipation. Normal subjects showed rapid diffuse spread of isotope through the colon resulting in low activity in all regions of interest (ROI). Activity was lost to feces at 24 hr and was virtually complete by 72 hr (median 94%, range 71–100%). Five constipated patients showed normal transit. Those with colonic inertia (N=26) showed a significantly slowed geometric center of isotope compared to controls (P〈0.001), falling below the normal range at 48 hr. Percentage activity curves showed the major site of isotope hold-up to be in the transverse colon and splenic flexure. Other constipated patients (N=6) showed late delay of the geometric center of isotope and accumulation of activity in the descending and rectosigmoid colon, compared to controls, at 96 hr. Oral [111In]DTPA colonic scintigraphy is a useful clinical test in the investigation of constipation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: anorectal manometry ; electromyography ; action potential ; sampling reflex ; sleep
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have developed a method for prolonged combined anorectal manometry and electro-myography (EMG) of the external anal sphincter in ambulant subjects. Fourteen healthy volunteers were studied for a total of 284 hr (mean of 20.3 hr/subject). Anorectal manometry was performed using a probe with twin pressure sensors. EMG was recorded by one indifferent and two differential silver-silver chloride surface electrodes positioned 0.5–0.75 cm from the anus on either side. The sampling reflex occurred frequently and was significantly (P〈0.001) more common during wakefulness than during sleep and also following meals than during fasting (P〈0.01). The passage of flatus was associated with transient relaxation of the anal canal in 19% of episodes. In contrast, there was a contractile episode with no preceding relaxation in 75% of episodes. The anal sphincter had significantly (P〈0.05) more action potentials (APs) during the day (12.8±3.2 APs/10 min) than at night (1.6±1.3 APs/10 min). During micturition, anal canal pressure rose (mean 15 mm Hg) in association with powerful external anal sphincter contractions. Our data show that, normally, contractile activity both in the anal canal and external anal sphincter maintains fecal continence during micturition and the passage of flatus. The technique should lead to a better understanding of the normal mechanisms of fecal continence during waking and sleep and of the pathophysiology of disorders of anorectal function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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