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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate on the rat stomach (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 8 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: Bismuth has been used as symptomatic treatment of dyspepsia for many years. It promotes healing of peptic ulcers and reduces their recurrence. The beneficial effect of bismuth on duodenal ulcer disease is thought to be due to an effect on Helicobacter pylori, although it has a rather weak bactericidal effect on H. pylori in vitro. Eradication of H. pylori in duodenal ulcer patients by a combination of bismuth, tetracycline and metronidazole has been reported to increase the density of somatostatin-producing D cells in the antrum. A reduced D cell density in the antral mucosa of duodenal ulcer patients could explain their exaggerated gastrin release.Aims/methods: To test the possibility that bismuth could affect the neuroendocrine cells independently of the presence of H. pylori or not. we gave rats a diluted tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate solution by gastric gavage for 14 days.Results: Tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate treatment did not affect maximal pentagastrin-stimulated acid secretion or histamine release in isolated rat stomachs or the density of argyrophil cells in the oxyntic and antral mucosa. However, it significantly reduced the duodenal concentration of gastrin and calcitonin gene-related peptide, and the density of G cells in the antrum and duodenum.Conclusion: The effect of tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate on the G cell may be of significance for its beneficial effect on duodenal ulcer disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.1994.tb00310.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rebound acid hypersecretion after long-term inhibition of gastric acid secretion (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 21 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : Rebound acid hypersecretion develops after the use of acid inhibitors.Aim : To estimate the duration of hypersecretion and to elucidate the role of the enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cell in rebound acid hypersecretion.Methods : Patients waiting for anti-reflux surgery who had used a proton pump inhibitor daily 〉 1 year were included. All patients discontinued taking acid inhibiting drugs after the operation. Basal and pentagastrin stimulated acid output was measured at 4, 8, 16 and 26 weeks postoperatively. Oxyntic mucosal biopsies were collected before and 26 weeks after the operation for counting of histidine decarboxylase (HDC) immunoreactive cells. Serum chromogranin A (CgA) and gastrin were measured before and at 4, 8, 16 and 26 weeks after the operation.Results : Pentagastrin stimulated acid secretion was higher at 4 and 8 weeks than at 26 weeks after the operation. Gastrin and CgA were significantly reduced at 4 and 8 weeks, respectively. The number of HDC immunoreactive cells was reduced by 60% at 26 weeks postoperative.Discussion : Rebound acid hypersecretion lasts more than 8 weeks, but less than 26 weeks after long-term proton pump inhibition.Conclusion : The findings indicate that not only the parietal cell mass, but also ECL cell mass and activity are involved in the mechanism of acid hypersecretion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2004.02271.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Safety of proton pump inhibitors (2000)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 14 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2000.00859.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Review article: the pharmacological inhibition of gastric acid secretion—tolerance and rebound (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 11 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: During the last decade our understanding of the regulation of gastric acid secretion has changed considerably. The recognition that gastrin acts mainly by releasing histamine from the enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cell is of major importance. It is now necessary to review and seek new explanations for the development of tolerance and for the post-treatment acid hypersecretion that may be observed when treatment with acid-secretory inhibitors is discontinued. Tolerance and rebound related to H2-receptor antagonists has previously been explained as upregulation of gastrin and/or histamine H2-receptors, and/or an increased parietal cell mass. Experimental evidence for these theories is scarce. On the other hand, tolerance can now be explained by a gastrin-induced increase in ECL cell-derived histamine at the parietal cell H2-receptor competing with the antagonist. The lack of tolerance to proton pump inhibitors may be explained by their mode of action, being non-competitive and acting at the H+, K+-ATPase rather than at stimulatory receptors. Post-treatment rebound acid hypersecretion can be understood as gastrin upregulating and/or stimulating growth of the ECL cell, leading to increased amounts of releasable histamine post-treatment. Novel experimental data strongly support this view of the development of tolerance and post-treatment rebound acid hypersecretion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.1997.00257.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Review article: the use of gastric acid-inhibitory drugs—physiological and pathophysiological considerations (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 7 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: All vertebrates secrete gastric acid. Acid denatures the proteins in the food and thus makes them more accessible to proteolytic enzymes, and it kills swallowed micro-organisms. Gastric acid plays an important pathogenetic role in peptic ulcer disease and reflux oesophagitis. In these diseases, drugs that inhibit secretion of gastric acid will heal the lesions and suppress the symptoms. However, both reflux oesophagitis and peptic ulcer tend to recur when the acid-inhibitory treatment is stopped. Therefore, these patients often require long-term treatment with acid-inhibitors. In this overview the potential risks of long-term profound inhibition of acid secretion, raising the pH above 4 for a considerable time, resulting in reduced killing of micro-organisms and secondary hypergastrinaemia, are discussed. Gastrin regulates both the function (production and release of histamine) and growth of the enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cell. Hitherto, the role that this cell plays in gastric carcinogenesis appears to have been underestimated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.1993.tb00139.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects on the rat oxyntic mucosa of the histamine2-antagonist loxtidine and the H+, K+-ATPase inhibitor omepvazole (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 6 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The present study examined whether histamine could affect the growth of the enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cell and the parietal cell. The effects of the unsurmountable histamine H2-receptor antagonist loxtidine (80 mg/kg) and the H+, K+-ATPase inhibitor omeprazole (100 μmol/kg) were compared in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Both drugs were given by gavage once daily for 3 months. Omeprazole induced a more pronounced and sustained hypergastrinaemia than loxtidine. In spite of marked hypergastrinaemia during most of the day, even in the loxtidine-treated rats, the weights of the stomach and oxyntic mucosa were elevated only in the omeprazole-treated rats. The ECL cell density was slightly higher in the loxtidine- than in the omeprazole-treated rats. Both treatments elevated the gastrin-stimulated histamine release from the vascularly perfused stomach. The parietal cell density was unaffected by omeprazole treatment, whereas it tended to be reduced in the loxtidine-treated rats. Simultaneous administration of loxtidine and omeprazole reduced the sustained hypergastrinaemia induced by omeprazole given alone. The present study may indicate that histamine inhibits the growth of the ECL cell, but further studies are needed to elucidate if histamine has any trophic effect on the parietal cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.1992.tb00055.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In single doses ranitidine effervescent is more effective than lansoprazole in decreasing gastric acidity (1997)
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Science
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 11 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: A rapid and reproducible decrease of gastric acidity is preferable in patients with penetrating/perforating peptic ulcers and in on-demand treatment of some patients with dyspepsia. The present study was done to compare the effect of single doses of ranitidine effervescent with that of the proton pump inhibitor lansoprazole. Method: Twelve healthy young volunteers were studied by 11-h intragastric continuous pH recording after the intake of ranitidine 150 or 300 mg effervescent tablets or lansoprazole 30 mg capsules. Trial medications were taken with 200 mL water, and the subjects remained fasting apart from 250 mL fluid at 4 h. Results: Ranitidine effervescent, both 150 and 300 mg, induced a rapid and persisting increase in gastric pH in most of the subjects, whereas a single dose of lansoprazole 30 mg did not affect intragastric pH in five of the twelve subjects. Conclusion: The histamine H2-blocker ranitidine given as an effervescent formulation is superior to the proton pump inhibitor lansoprazole in inducing a rapid decrease of gastric acidity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.1997.300000.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reply — on gastric polyps, proton pump inhibitors and long-term risks (2001)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 15 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2001.0877b.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Lifelong Nicotine Inhalation on Bone Mass and Mechanical Properties in Female Rat Femurs (1999)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 65 (1999), S. 246-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Osteoporosis — BMD — Nicotine — Rat.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. As tobacco smoking has been identified as a risk factor in the development of osteoporosis, possible deleterious effects of nicotine inhalation on bone mineral density (BMD) and mechanical properties of the femur in female rats were studied. Female Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to nicotine vapour 20 hours a day 5 days a week for 2 years. The nicotine concentration in the inhaled air was kept at a level, giving a plasma nicotine concentration exceeding that of heavy smokers. Throughout the study, the nicotine-exposed rats weighed approximately 10% less than the control rats. At the end of the study the rats were anesthesized and blood was collected by heart puncture for determination of nicotine in plasma. Both femurs were resected and scanned by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). There was no difference in BMD between control rats (n = 7) and nicotine-exposed rats (n = 23) (mean 0.216 ± 0.021 g/cm2 and 0.210 ± 0.014 g/cm2, respectively (P= 0.19)). The left femur was used for mechanical testing of the shaft and the neck. No significant difference could be demonstrated in ultimate bending moment, ultimate energy absorbtion, stiffness, or deflection between the two groups. In conclusion, no negative effects of nicotine inhalation on the femurs of female rats were found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900692
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