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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Description of the Oocysts of Two New Species of Eimeria (Apicomplexa: Eimerüdae) from the Florida Manatee, Trichechus manatus (Sirenia: Trichechidae) (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 36 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Two new species of Eimeria (Apicomplexa: Eimerüdae) are described from the feces of the Florida manatee, Trichechus manatus latirostrts (Sirenia: Trichechidae). Oocysts of Eimeria manatus n. sp. are spherical to subsphencal, 11.8 × 10.7 (10.5–13.5 × 9.0–13.5) μm, with a smooth, thin, bilayered wall; shape index (length/width) 1.1 (1.0–1.3). Micropyle and oocyst residuum absent; polar granule(s) usually present. Sporocysts are ovoid, 8.6 × 5.1 (8.0–9.5 × 5.0–5.5) μm, with thin, membrane–like walls and a knoblike Stieda body; shape index 1.7 (1.4–1.8). Sporozoites elongate, each with a large posterior refractile body. The sporocyst residuum consists of a small cluster or row of few to many small granules. Oocysts of Eimeria nodulosa n. sp. are spherical to subspherical, 15.6 × 14.7 (14.5–17.5 × 13.0–16.0) μm, with a distinctly bilayered wall; shape index 1.1 (1.0–1.2). Unsporulated and freshly sporulated oocysts often possess large, knob–like structures on the external surface of the oocyst wall that support a thin membrane or filament. Micropyle, oocyst residuum and polar granule absent. Sporocysts are ovoid, 10.6 × 5.9 (9.5–12.0 × 5.0–6.5) μm, with a smooth, thin wall and knob–like Stieda body; shape index 1.8 (1.5–2.1). Sporozoites granular and elongate, each with a large posterior refractile body. The sporocyst residuum consists of a loose aggregate or scattered mass of moderately sized granules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1989.tb02715.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MORBILLIVIRUS INFECTION IN TWO SPECIES OF PILOT WHALE (GLOBICEPHALA SP.) FROM THE WESTERN ATLANTIC (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 11 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We report evidence of enzootic morbillivirus infection among long-finned, Globicephala melas, and short-finned, G. macrorhynchus, pilot whales in the western Atlantic. A retrospective serologic survey, using five morbilliviruses, was carried out on 99 G. melas from 14 stranding events between 1982 and 1993 and from 25 G. macrorhynchus stranded in 5 events between 1986 and 1994. A blood sample was also obtained from an adult G. melas by-caught in the western North Atlantic. Tissues were collected from 24 G. melas and 15 G. macrorhynchus for histology and immunoperoxidase staining. Neutralizing antibody titers were found in 92 (92%) of 100 G. melas and 16 (64%) of 25 G. macrorynchus, and titers were highest against cetacean morbilliviruses. Seroprevalence was similar between age classes and sexes. The earliest evidence of infection was in a G. melas that stranded in 1982. Stable antibody titers were observed in pilot whales under rehabilitation for up to eight months. Clinical disease consistent with morbillivirus pneumonia was detected in a G. melas calf. Immunoperoxidase staining confirmed that viral antigen was present in the lesions.We propose that enzootic infection in pilot whales is facilitated by population size, social structure, and migration patterns. Furthermore, through mixing with other odontocetes, pilot whales could act as vectors through the Atlantic. Clinical morbillivirus infection may precipitate mass strandings of highly social odontocetes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1995.tb00514.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MORBILLIVIRUS INFECTION IN BOTTLENOSE DOLPHINS: EVIDENCE FOR RECURRENT EPIZOOTICS IN THE WESTERN ATLANTIC AND GULF OF MEXICO (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 12 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Morbillivirus infection is widespread among odontocetes of the western Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico. Serologic evidence of infection in bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, was first detected during an epizootic along the mid-Atlantic coast in 1987. Here, we report recurrent epizootics in the coastal dolphin population since at least the early 1980s based on serological surveys and regional stranding frequencies. The first observed epizootic of this series occurred in the Indian and Banana Rivers in 1982 and was followed by others on the mid-Atlantic coast in 1987–1988 and in the Gulf of Mexico between 1992 and 1994. This temporal pattern of infection is likely facilitated by the population size and its fragmentation into relatively discrete coastal communities. Introduction of morbillivirus into a community with a sufficient number of naive hosts may precipitate an epizootic, depending on the potential for transmission within the group. Propagation of an epizootic along the coast is probably determined by frequency of contact between adjacent communities and seasonal migrations.Morbillivirus antibodies were also detected in serum from offshore bottlenose dolphins. The sero-prevalence in the latter may be higher than in coastal dolphins because of their close association with enzootically infected pilot whales (Globicephala spp.). Occasional contact between offshore and coastal dolphins may provide an epizootiologic link between pilot whales and coastal dolphin communities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1996.tb00063.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    RAY ENCOUNTERS AS A MORTALITY FACTOR IN ATLANTIC BOTTLENOSE DOLPHINS (TURSIOPS TRUNCATUS) (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 4 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Ray spines were found associated with various tissues on necropsy of seven Atlantic bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). In at least six cases they were considered a major factor in the death of the animal. Three mature Tursiops had ray spines located in the lung parenchyma. In two other dolphins the ray spine punctured the lateral chest wall without entering the lung tissue. A sixth Tursiops contained a ray spine located in the liver tissue, while a seventh animal had a ray spine lodged in the pancreas. Five of the dolphins were wild individuals and two had been in captivity for more than one year. These findings indicate that beached dolphins and dolphins in captivity with a chronic history of illness should be examined for the presence of ray spines. Caution should be used in maintaining mixed exhibits of dolphins with stingray species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1988.tb00195.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MORBILLIVIRUS INFECTION IN MANATEES (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 11 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The first evidence of exposure of free-ranging Florida manatees (Trichechus manatees latirostris) to a morbillivirus is reported. Blood samples were collected from 148 Florida manatees between 1977 and 1994. The sample included manatees that were under rehabilitation (n = 97), free-ranging (n = 40) and fresh necropsy specimens (n = 11). Serum from six animals (4%) neutralized porpoise and dolphin morbilliviruses to a higher titer than any other member of the Morbillivirus genus. Antibodies were not detected in sera from 12 free-ranging Antillean manatees (T. manatus manatus) from Guyana sampled in 1992 or from 12 hand-reared Amazonian manatees (T. inunguis) sampled in 1984. Immunoprecipitation studies using radio-labelled canine distemper virus protein and serum from Florida manatees showed precipitation of the nucleo-capsid (N) protein. The combination of low antibody titers and absence of clinical disease suggest that the Florida manatee is a dead-end host. Sporadic infection may occur following contact with another species in which infection is enzootic. Morbillivirus could, either by fatal infection or more insidious effects on the immune system or reproduction, pose a problem to this already threatened species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1995.tb00668.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ULTRASONOGRAPHY AS A DIAGNOSTIC TOOL IN SHARK SPECIES (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Veterinary radiology & ultrasound 34 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1740-8261
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The use of sonography was evaluated in eleven sharks as a potential diagnostic and investigative tool. Individual sharks were anesthetized with MS-222 (Tricane Methane Sulphonate) and sonograms recorded from various planes using a 3 MHZ linear array scanner. Sonographic images were compared with corresponding postmortem cross sections. Heart rate and rhythm were monitored with real time sonography in an attempt to gauge the depth of the anesthesia. Heart rates ranged from 12–46 bpm. Initial results of this study suggest that sonography may be a useful technique in shark species where the application of radiographic techniques is limited by the lack of adipose tissue and the need to maintain the animal in water.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8261.1993.tb02008.x
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