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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE ISOLATION OF PARA-HYDROXYBENZOIC ACID FROM SOIL. (1917)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 39 (1917), S. 1778-1784 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja02253a024
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE POSSIBILITIES AND LIMITATIONS OF THE DUCLAUX METHOD FOR THE ESTIMATION OF VOLATILE ACIDS. (1917)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 39 (1917), S. 2027-2055 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja02254a018
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE IDENTITY OF CYANURIC ACID WITH SO-CALLED “TETRACARBONIMID.” (1917)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 39 (1917), S. 2472-2477 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja02256a027
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Presence of Proteoses and Peptones in Soils. (1915)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial & engineering chemistry 7 (1915), S. 860-863 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5045
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie50082a016
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The actions of GR32191B, a thromboxane receptor antagonist, on the effects of inhaled PAF on human airways (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 20 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We investigated acute bronchoconstriction and changes in airway responsiveness to methacholine following the inhalation of platelet activating factor (PAF) in an open study of 12 non-asthmatic subjects. Ventilatory function was monitored using a flow rate at 30% of vital capacity (V̇30) and airway responsiveness was measured as PD40V̇30, i.e. the dose of metacholine causing a 40% fall in V̇30. PAF (3–422 μg) resulted in dose-related acute bronchoconstriction in 10 of the 12 subjects. There was no association between the airway responsiveness to PAF and to methacholine. Ten subjects showed some increase in airway responsiveness to methacholine 1 or 3 days following PAF. Overall, these changes were statistically significant (P 〈 0·05) but were of small magnitude (geometric mean PD40V̇30 pre-PAF=457 μg; 24 hr after PAF = 259 μg; 72 hr after PAF =258 μg) and variable: only seven subjects showing increased airway responsiveness on both day 1 and day 3 after PAF. Six subjects who appeared to show increases in airway responsiveness following PAF were re-studied with the inhaled PAF pre-medicated by either placebo or a specific thromboxane receptor antagonist (GR32191B) in a double-blind fashion. GR32191B did not reduce the acute bronchoconstriction due to PAF. In this part of the study, these six subjects did not show significant increases in airway responsiveness following the placebo pre-medicated PAF challenge and so no effect of the drug on airway responsiveness could be shown. We conclude that PAF-induced bronchoconstriction in normal individuals is not mediated by thromboxane and that any increases in airway responsiveness following PAF are frequently poorly sustained, are poorly reproducible, and are not readily detectable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1990.tb02689.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The relationship between atopy and non-specific bronchial responsiveness (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 20 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Atopy is often regarded as a risk factor for the development of asthma, particularly childhood asthma and occupational asthma. This could reflect an association with nonspecific bronchial responsiveness (NSBR), though atopy could influence asthma independently. We have evaluated the possible relationship between atopy and NSBR (PD20FEV1 to methacholine) in the siblings of 59 probands with atopic asthma. Thirty-four (58%) were atopic (〈inlineGraphic alt="geqslant R: gt-or-equal, slanted" extraInfo="nonStandardEntity" href="urn:x-wiley:09547894:CEA181:ges" location="ges.gif"/〉 1 prick test with weal diameter 〈inlineGraphic alt="geqslant R: gt-or-equal, slanted" extraInfo="nonStandardEntity" href="urn:x-wiley:09547894:CEA181:ges" location="ges.gif"/〉 that of a 0.1% histamine control) and 28 (47%) showed NSBR. Atopy and NSBR occurred together more frequently than would be expected by chance (P〈0.05); both variables being observed in 20 subjects, neither in 17, and only one in 22. A significant association was also noted when atopy was defined by a serum total IgE 〉 150IU (or 〉50IU), but when atopy was defined by other commonly used criteria (〈inlineGraphic alt="geqslant R: gt-or-equal, slanted" extraInfo="nonStandardEntity" href="urn:x-wiley:09547894:CEA181:ges" location="ges.gif"/〉 2 prick tests with weal diameter 〈inlineGraphic alt="geqslant R: gt-or-equal, slanted" extraInfo="nonStandardEntity" href="urn:x-wiley:09547894:CEA181:ges" location="ges.gif"/〉 histamine control; or weal diameter 2 mm or more 〉 than a saline control), no significant association was demonstrated. Furthermore, linear logistic regression and multiple regression analyses showed that both the presence and the degree of NSBR were influenced much more by the baseline level of FEV1 than by atopic status. At best, atopy accounted for 10% of the variance of the PD20 measurements. We conclude that atopy is associated with NSBR but not strongly; that the relationship may be readily obscured according to the defining criteria used for atopy: and that atopy should not be used as a marker for NSBR.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1990.tb02665.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lymphocyte subsets in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid obtained from stable asthmatics, and their correlations with bronchial responsiveness (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 19 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Bronchial responsiveness to methacholine (PD20 FEV1) was assessed in 22 asthmatic subjects approximately 5 days prior to bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). A PD20 FFV1 could not be attained in 20 matched controls with normal pulmonary function. BAL was performed in all subjects, 3 ± 60 ml aliquots of buffered saline being Introduced into a segment of the middle lobe and immediately aspirated into siliconized glassware at 4°C. After filtration, cells were counted, and the cell pellet resuspended in medium 199. Cytospin slides were prepared and a differential cell count performed. Lymphocyte subsets were identified by labelling further cytospin preparation with specific monoclonal antibodies (Leu series) against T3, T4, T8 and B cell markers, followed by a fluorescent antibody marker. The slides were coded, and 100 lymphocytes were then randomly scanned for fluorescence on each cytospin preparation. The median total lymphocyte counts were significantly greater in the asthmatic subjects, but this increase was confined to the T cell subgroups. The mean T4/T8 ratio was similar in asthmatic (1.51) and control (1.45) subjects. Log PD20 FFV1 correlated positively with total lymphocyte counts (r= 0.42, P 〈 0.05), and with total T8 counts (r= 0.60, P 〈 0.05). Correlations between bronchial responsiveness and T3, T4 and B lymphocyte numbers all failed to reach significance, and there was no correlation with T4/T8 ratios. The increase in BAL lymphocyte counts in asthma appears to be due loan absolute increase in T cell subsets, especially the T8 lymphocyte subgroup, and is most marked in mild asthmatics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1989.tb02360.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in indoor allergen and fungal levels predict changes in asthma activity among young adults (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 35 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Exposures to allergens are thought to be important risk factors for asthma. We conducted a longitudinal study of indoor allergen and fungal levels in Melbourne homes between 1996 and 1998 to examine the effect of changes in allergen exposure upon asthma and associated outcomes.Methods Participants were visited at home in 1996 (n=485) and 1998 (n=360), when dust and air samples were collected from their bedrooms and assayed for Der p 1, Fel d 1, ergosterol and fungal propagules. Subjects then attended the lung function laboratory to complete a questionnaire, spirometry, methacholine challenge and skin prick testing. The associations between the change in allergen levels and change in clinical outcomes were examined using multiple logistic and linear regression.Results Participants whose Cladosporium fungal exposure doubled had 52% greater odds of having had an attack of asthma in the last 12 months. A doubling of fungal exposure was also associated with 53% greater odds of developing atopy. A doubling of Fel d 1 floor levels was associated with 73% increased odds of doctor-diagnosed asthma. A doubling of Der p 1 levels in bed dust was associated with a 64% greater odds of persistent bronchial hyper-reactivity.Conclusions These findings provide evidence that changes in indoor levels of fungi and house dust mites can affect the risk of development and persistence of asthma and atopy in adults. Further studies are required to establish any benefit of sustained reductions in indoor allergen exposures, and to determine whether these effects are truly ‘allergic’ or because of immune stimulation in the airway through other less specific mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02272.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inter-relationships between airway inflammation, reticular basement membrane thickening and bronchial hyper-reactivity to methacholine in asthma; a systematic bronchoalveolar lavage and airway biopsy analysis (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 35 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Asthma is accepted as a disease characterized by airway inflammation, with evidence that airway structural changes, or ‘remodelling’ occurs. There are few studies relating airway physiology, inflammation and remodelling, however. We have carried out a study of inter-relationships between airway inflammation, airway remodelling, reticular basement membrane (RBM) thickening, and bronchial hyper-reactivity (BHR), before and after high-dose inhaled corticosteroid (fluticasone propionate 750 μg b.d.), in a group of relatively mild but symptomatic, steroid naïve asthma patients.Methods Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel group study of inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) in 35 asthmatics, with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and airway endobronchial biopsy (EBB) for inflammatory cell profiles and EBB for airway remodelling carried out at baseline, 3 and 12 months.Results At baseline RBM thickening was related to BAL mast cells and EBB eosinophil counts. In turn baseline log EBB EG2 eosinophil count, log%BAL epithelial cells and log RBM thickness explained 55% of the variability in BHR.Conclusion We provide new information that airway inflammation, remodelling, and BHR in asthma are inter-related and improved by ICS therapy. Our data potentially support the need for early and long-term intervention with ICS even in relatively mild asthmatics, and the need to further assess the potential merit of longitudinal BHR testing in management of some patients, as this may reflect both airway inflammation and remodelling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02365.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mouldy houses influence symptoms of asthma among atopic individuals (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background The influence of current levels of indoor fungi on asthma is a controversial issue that needs to be resolved in order to advise patients appropriately.Objective To assess the seasonal variation in indoor fungal levels and the impact of these levels on asthma among mould-sensitized individuals.Methods Thirty-five young adults with current asthma and sensitization to fungi were visited four times over 1 year. At each home visit a questionnaire was administered and samples of dust and air were collected. Participants also recorded information on symptoms, peak expiratory flows (PEF) and medication use. Dust samples were analysed for house dust mite allergen (Der p 1) and total fungal biomass (ergosterol). Total and genus-specific fungal propagules were identified in air samples. Seasonal variation in allergen levels and significant independent effects of fungal levels on peak flow variability (PFV) were identified by repeated measures analysis of variance.Results Significant seasonal variations were observed in viable airborne fungi, ergosterol levels in the floor dust and PFV. PFV correlated significantly with symptom scores and the dose of reliever medication. PFV was also significantly associated with smoking and visible mould. The association between visible mould and PFV was independent of season, smoking and the dose of reliever medication. However, there was no association between total fungi, specific fungi or ergosterol and PFV. Der p 1 levels had no significant influence on asthma, even in HDM-sensitized individuals.Conclusions Mouldy homes adversely influence asthma in asthmatics sensitized to fungi.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2002.01371.x
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